Transcript Noncommunicable Diseases

Noninfectious Diseases
A disease that is not caused by a
virus or a living organism
Risk Factor
CHARACTERISTIC OR
BEHAVIOR THAT INCREASES A
PERSON’S CHANCE OF GETTING
A NONINFECTIOUS DISEASE.
RISK FACTORS: EXAMPLES
• AGE
• GENDER
• RACE
• DIET
NONINFECTIOUS DISEASES
Heredity, Environment, & Lifestyle can
contribute to the chance of getting some noninfectious
diseases.
 Disease – any harmful change in the state of health of
your body or mind.
 Chronic Diseases
– diseases that last a long time
Cancer
• Cancer is a disease in
which cells grow
uncontrollably and
invade and destroy
healthy tissue.
• Cells usually multiply
in an orderly
way…however, when
they multiply rapidly
and out of control the
result is a cancerous
tissue called a
malignant tumor
Cancer
• Biopsy – is a
sample of tissue
that is removed
and tested from
the patient to
see if it is
cancerous.
Benign or
nonmalignant
tumors are not
cancerous.
If cancerous, the
cancer cells may
crowd out healthy
cells & tissues and in
turn the cells die.
Cancer Continued
 Cells from the tumor may enter the blood and be
carried to other parts of the body, growing and
forming new tumors.
 Carcinogens: substances from the environment
that can cause cancer
 Cigarettes, asbestos, and certain radiations are
carcinogenic
 Smokers are 20 times more likely to get lung cancer
than non-smokers
 Early detection and treatment can increase the chances
for a cure
Warning Signs of Cancer
C Change in bowel or
bladder habits
A Any sore that will not heal
U Unusual bleeding or
discharge
T Thickening or lump
I Indigestion or difficulty
swallowing
O Obvious change in a mole,
wart or birth mark
N Nagging cough or
hoarseness in throat
Common Types of Cancer
Skin Cancer: most common type of cancer
•
Caused by too much exposure to sunlight
Lung Cancer: the No. 1 cause of deaths due to cancer in the Unites States
Colon/Rectal Cancer: second most common cancer
Breast Cancer: most often seen in women over 50
– 1 in 9 women have breast cancer
– 1 in 250 males acquire testicular cancer
Common Types of Cancer
Leukemia: causes cancerous white blood cells to interfere
with production of healthy white blood cells
Lymphoma : cancer of the cells in the lymph system
• Spread throughout the body and weaken the immune
system
Reproductive Organ Cancer: affects both men and women.
• Men
– Testicular and prostate glands
• Women
• Ovaries, cervix, and uterus
Treating Cancer
After a BIOPSY (or sample of tissue) is found to be
cancerous, there are three major cancer treatments that
can be utilized:
#1 Surgery: removal of cancer cells from body. This method
works best on cancer that has not spread to other parts of
the body.
#2 Chemotherapy: chemicals are used to destroy cancer cells.
Used to fight cancer that has spread.
#3 Radiation: high-energy rays from radioactive materials are
used to shrink or kill cancer cells. This method is
usually used in combination with surgery and
chemotherapy.
DISEASES OF THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Diseases of the nervous system are
called:
NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES
Multiple Sclerosis
 MS is a disease in which the
tissue that covers the nerves
of the brain and spinal cord
is destroyed
 Symptoms: (1) loss of
muscle control (2) vision or
speech impairment (3) may
be mild for many years &
then suddenly worse
 There is no known cure for
MS
 People often live long &
productive lives with MS
Cerebral Palsy
 A disorder that affects the
part of the brain that
controls movement
 Sometimes the result of a
brain injury that occurred
at or before birth
 Speech, hearing, sight and
voluntary muscles are
affected
 No known cure
Respiratory Diseases
• Respiratory Conditions:
diseases of the lungs and
bronchial tubes
• Affect the supply of oxygen to
the body
• ASTHMA: the lining of the
airways in the lungs becomes
narrow…which makes
breathing difficult.
• Asthma may be triggered by
cold weather, stress or may be
exercise induced.
Chronic Bronchitis
A disease of the BRONCHIAL TUBES in
the lungs
The mucous membranes lining these tubes
become irritated and inflamed
Inflammation destroys cilia that help sweep
dirt and irritants away
Frequent coughing is the main symptom
Cardiovascular
Disease
Diseases of the HEART and
BLOOD VESSELS are known as
cardiovascular diseases!
Leading cause of death in the
United States each year!
Heart Disease
•
TWO different types of
C-V diseases occur in
the heart:
1) Rheumatic fever:
damage to the heart
valves; doesn’t pump
blood efficiently.
2) Congenital heart
disease: heart has not
formed properly at birth
Heart Disease Continued
• Hypertension: high
blood pressure which
can damage arteries
• Worsens: stress, too
much salt, too little
exercise, use of
tobacco, or being
overweight
• ATHEROSCLEROSIS:
known as coronary artery
disease, which is the hardening
of the arteries
• Blood vessels may become
blocked by deposits of fat and
minerals (atheromas)
• Person’s heart has to work
harder to pump blood through
the narrow vessels
• Cholesterol is a factor in
building up hard deposits
– LDL cholesterol is BAD
– HDL cholesterol is GOOD
Prevention of C - V
Maintain proper weight
Exercise regularly
Do not use tobacco products
Avoid foods high in saturated fats, salt, and
cholesterol
Manage stress with rest and play
Have blood pressure checked at least once a
year
PREVENTION