Transcript Major Health Diseases - Garnet Valley School District

Health Report on
Cancer
Bryan Gregory
(Extra Credit Presentation)
Summary
This is a report on cancer a disease that kills over
500,000 Americans each year. Cancer affects both
men and women, children and adults. This
presentation provides some general statistics on
different types of cancers, and ways to help prevent
them.
The data presented in this report was gathered from
the web site of the American Cancer Society.
http://www.cancer.org/docroot/home/index.asp
Objectives
• Present Cancer statistics
• Present facts and tips for five different
types of cancers
• Conclusions
US Mortality, 2003
Cancer kills more people each year than any other disease except
Heart Disease!
Rank
Cause of Death
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Heart Diseases
Cancer
Cerebrovascular diseases
Chronic lower respiratory diseases
Accidents (Unintentional injuries)
Diabetes mellitus
Influenza and pneumonia
Alzheimer disease
Nephritis
Septicemia
No. of
deaths
685,089
556,902
157,689
126,382
109,277
74,219
65,163
63,457
42,453
34,069
% of all
deaths
28.0
22.7
6.4
5.2
4.5
3.0
2.7
2.6
1.7
1.4
Source: US Mortality Public Use Data Tape 2003, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, 2006.
2006 Estimated US Cancer Deaths*
Cancer affects both men and women
Lung & bronchus
31%
Colon & rectum
10%
Prostate
9%
Pancreas
6%
Leukemia
4%
Liver & intrahepatic
bile duct
4%
Esophagus
4%
Non-Hodgkin
lymphoma
3%
Urinary bladder
3%
Kidney
3%
All other sites
Men
291,270
Women
273,560
•26% Lung & bronchus
•15% Breast
•10% Colon & rectum
• 6% Pancreas
• 6% Ovary
• 4% Leukemia
23%
• 3% Non-Hodgkin
lymphoma
• 3% Uterine corpus
• 2% Multiple myeloma
• 2% Brain/ONS
•23%
ONS=Other nervous system.
Source: American Cancer Society, 2006.
All other sites
The following set of slides presents
some basic facts about five cancers
which have the highest death rate:
– Lung Cancer
– Colon Cancer
– Breast Cancer
– Prostate Cancer
– Skin Cancer
Lung Cancer
Facts:
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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for men and women
in the United States.
Smoking tobacco accounts for 8 out of 10 of lung cancer deaths
There are two types of lung cancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer and small
cell lung cancer.
Symptons of lung cancer are:
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A cough that won’t go away or worsens over time
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Weight loss
Loss of appetite
Coughing up blood
Repeated respiratory illnesses
Lung Cancer
Tips:
The five year survival rate is only 40% for the localized stage (detected
early before the cancer has spread). Here are some recommendations
to help prevent lung cancer:
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The best way to prevent lung cancer is to never start smoking or to quit
if you do smoke. Elimination of smoking would virtually wipe out
lung cancer!
A healthy lifestyle including a well-balanced diet also helps.
Everyone should eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables each
day.
Avoid carcinogens (cancer causing chemicals). Asbestos and vinyl
chloride are two examples.
Monitor indoor radon levels
Colon Cancer
Facts:
•
Colon cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in
the US.
There are virtually no early signs of this type of cancer.
This type of cancer forms from Polyps (precancerous tissue)
Warning signs usually only show up in advanced stages. Warning
signs in the late stages include:
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Rectal bleeding
Blood in stool
Change in bowl habits
Cramping pain in the lower abdomen
Surgery is the most common form of treatment along with
chemotherapy and/or radiation.
Colon Cancer
Tips:
•
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Because colon cancer forms from precancerous tissue (polyps) early
screening for the disease can prevent it or catch it in a treatable stage.
Ways to reduce the risk of getting colon cancer include:
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Regular physical activity
Maintaining a healthy body weight
Limit saturated fats from your diet
Don’t smoke
Limit alcohol consumption
Eat lots of fruits and vegetables (at least five servings per day)
Breast Cancer
Facts:
•
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•
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Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that grows in the breast and shows
up as a lump.
Of all the cancer types it is the second leading killer of women next to
lung cancer (over 40,000 per year). It also occurs in men.
If it is not detected early enough it can spread to other parts of the
body.
The major risk factors for breast cancer are:
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Age (half of all breast cancers are diagnosed in women 61 or older)
Race
Family history of the disease
Reproductive history
Breast Cancer
Tips: Like many of the cancer types there is no known way to prevent
breast cancer. However, there is good news with breast cancer. With
early detection the five year survival rate is 98%.
Here are some recommendations to help early detection:
– Women 40 and over should have a mammogram once per year
– Women in their 20’s and 30’s should have a clinical breast exam every 3
years
– All women should perform a regular self examination
Prostate Cancer
Facts:
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In men, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death
next to lung cancer.
Prostate cancers usually grow slowly, but when they spread thet spread
quickly with deadly results.
Early warning symptoms include:
– Frequent urination (especially at night)
– Blood in the urine
– Weak or painful urination
•
The causes of prostate cancer are not well understood. However, there
are several risk factors which include:
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Family history
Age
Race
Diets high in saturated fat
Prostate Cancer
Tips:
•
Beginning at age 50, men should begin annual screening for this
cancer.
The five year survival rate for patients with early detection is 100%.
The ten year survival rate for all stages is 93%.
Here are some recommendations to help prevent the disease:
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Eating a diet low in saturated fat
Reducing the intake of red meat
Eating five servings of fruits and vegetables each day
Skin Cancer
Facts:
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Skin cancer is one of the most common of all the cancers.
Skin cancer is a slow growing disease that is easy to recognize
It is easy to treat once it is detected.
Skin cancers are either Nonmelanoma or melanoma
Most skin cancers are nonmelanoma - meaning they occur in basal
cells or squamous cells (locate din the outer layers of the skin)
Melanoma cancer forms from melanoma cells that create skin color.
This type of cancer is more rare than nonmelanoma skin cancer, but
more deadly.
The five year survival rate for localized melanoma is 99%.
The risk of melanoma is 10 times greater for whites than African
Americans.
Skin Cancer
Tips:
•
The best way to prevent skin cancer is to protect the skin from over
exposure to the sun. Ways to accomplish this include:
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Wearing protective clothing
Wearing large brimmed hats
Wearing wraparound sunglasses
Use suncreeen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher
Avoid the use of tanning booths
As with most cancer types, early detection is important. Regularly
check the body for changes in the size, shape or color of a mole.
Conclusions
• Cancer is the second leading cause of death behind
heart disease
• There are many types of cancers
• Little is still known about the cause of cancer
• A healthy lifestyle can reduce the chances of getting
cancer
• Early detection increase the chances of surviving
cancer dramatically