Transcript Cigarette Smoke and Disease

Cigarette Smoke and Disease
Epidemiological Evidence
Experimental Evidence
Early Death
Proving the links between
smoking and lung disease

Serious widespread smoking did not start
until the second half of the 20th century.
 In the 1950’s there was a lung cancer
epidemic.
 There are now over 35,000 deaths per year
from lung cancer.
 In general, 50% of smokers die from a
smoking related disease.
Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease

This is where chronic bronchitis and
emphysema occur at the same time.
 The disease is responsible for 30,000+
deaths a year in the UK.
 It is very rare in non-smokers.
 98% of people with emphysema are
smokers!!!
Some more statistics

Smokers are 18 time more likely to develop
lung cancer than non-smokers.
 25% of smokers die of lung cancer.
 It takes ten years for lungs to recover after a
long period of smoking.
 One third of all cancer deaths are a direct
result of smoking.
SaQ 14.2
Figure 14.4
The Smoking epdemic
consumption of cigarettes and
deaths from lung cancer in the UK between 1911-1991
Men
Increase in smokers 1911-1941
Deaths for cancer correlate
20 year lag
Women
Sharp increase in smokers 1941-1975
Deaths for cancer correlate
20 year lag
Overall
Smoking causes lung cancer
in both men and women
Prediction for 2011?
Experimental Evidence

Dogs were used!
 Mice were used!
 Vital research that should save lots of
human lives!
The Dog Experiments

One group of dogs were made to smoke
filtered cigarettes.
 They did not get lung cancer but did
produce cancerous cells in the lining of their
airways and mouths.
 One group of dogs were made to smoke
filter-less cigarettes.
 They did get lung cancer.
The Smoking Machine
Experiments

Smoking machines extracted the chemicals
in smoke.
 Carcinogens and co-carcinogens were found
in the tar.
 When the tar was rubbed on the back of a
mouse. The skin formed cancerous cells!!!
The Trends of Smoking
Developed world?
Developing world?
Atherosclerosis
A cardiovascular disease
Atherosclerosis

This is where too much cholesterol has been
taken and is stored in the arteries causing
them to narrow.
 If an artery to the heart is blocked a heart
attack could occur.
 If an artery to the brain is blocked then a
stroke could occur.
…more!

Cholesterol travels in packages called
lipoproteins.
 There are low density lipoproteins that
deliver cholesterol around the body.
 There are high density lipoproteins that
remove cholesterol from the blood stream.
 Cholesterol is essential but in the right
amounts!!
I’ve done enough!
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) – What are
the three forms?
 Stroke – Why do they occur? What happens
to a person having a stroke?
 SaQ 14.4

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