Transcript December 2, 2103

March 10, 2014
NURS 330
Human Reproductive Health
Breast Cancer Lecture
• http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorial
s/breastcancer/htm/_no_50_no_0.htm
Breast Self Exam
• http://beawarefoundation.org/breast-selfexam-video
Testicular Self Exam (TSE)
• https://search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=Ao0KiV5ltV
D4q02beSQYtxKbvZx4?p=how+to+perform+a+test
icular+self+exam&toggle=1&cop=mss&ei=UTF8&fr=yfp-t-901
• https://search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=Ao0KiV5ltV
D4q02beSQYtxKbvZx4?p=how+to+perform+a+test
icular+self+exam&toggle=1&cop=mss&ei=UTF8&fr=yfp-t-901
The American Cancer Society’s
Estimates – Breast Cancer
•The American Cancer Society's most recent estimates
for breast cancer in the United States are for 2013:
•About 232,340 new cases of invasive breast cancer will
be diagnosed in women.
•About 64,640 new cases of carcinoma in situ (CIS) will
be diagnosed (CIS is non-invasive and is the earliest
form of breast cancer).
•About 39,620 women will die from breast cancer
Who Is At Risk?
• Two factors greatly influence the risk of
developing breast cancer:
• 1. Being a woman
The disease is over 100 times more common in
women than in men.
• 2. Age
Approximately 77% of women with breast cancer are
age 50 or older at the time of diagnosis.
Why Are Older Women More At
Risk?
• Exposure to reproductive hormones, like
estrogen, over a lifetime may increase the risk.
This is influenced by:
– Age
– Age of first menstrual period
– Number of pregnancies
– Age at menopause
– History of taking medication
that contains estrogen
Other Risk Factors
• Family history of breast cancer
–Having a first-degree relative (mother, sister, or daughter)
with breast cancer approximately doubles
a woman’s risk.
–Most women with breast cancer do not have a
first-degree relative with the disease.
• History of noncancerous breast disease
• Never having children or having first live birth after
age 30
Other Risk Factors
• Starting monthly periods before age 12
• Starting menopause after age 55
• More than 5 years of postmenopausal estrogen
replacement therapy
• Use of alcohol, especially two or more drinks daily
• Obesity, especially excessive weight gain
• Physical inactivity
Symptoms
• The most common sign of breast cancer is a new
lump or mass.
• Other signs include:
– Generalized swelling of part of a breast (even if no
distinct lump is felt)
– Skin irritation or dimpling
Symptoms – other signs (cont)
– Nipple pain or retraction (turning inward)
– Redness or scaliness of the nipple or breast skin
– Discharge other than breast milk
Detection Methods
• Nearly all breast cancers can be successfully
treated if detected early.
• A mammogram is the best method for detecting
breast cancer because often it can identify
cancer before physical symptoms develop.
• All women should have regular breast
examinations by a health provider.
The American Cancer Society’s
Screening Recommendations
• Clinical Breast Exam should be part of a periodic health
exam, about every three years for women in their 20s
and 30s, and every year for women 40 and older.
• Women should know how their breasts normally feel
and report any breast change promptly to their health
care provider. Breast Self Examination is an option for
women starting in their 20s.
The American Cancer Society’s Screening
Recommendations
• Yearly mammograms are recommended starting at age 40
and continuing for as long as a woman is in good health.
• Women at increased risk (e.g., family history, genetic
tendency, past breast cancer) should talk with their doctors
about the benefits and limitations of starting
mammography screening earlier, having additional tests
(i.e., breast ultrasound and MRI), or having more frequent
exams.
Breast Self Exam
• Beginning in their 20s, women should be told
about the benefits and limitations of BSE.
Women should be aware of how their breasts
normally feel and report any new breast
changes to a health professional as soon as
they are found. Finding a breast change does
not mean that a cancer is present.
Survival Rates
• 5-year localized survival rate is 98%
• 5-year overall survival rate is 80%