Transcript DIS-EASE

Non-Communicable
Diseases
To understand the causes, symptoms,
progression, and treatment of disease
allowing us to better protect and care
for our bodies.
A Non-Communicable Disease is…
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A condition or disease which is noninfectious and non-transmissible among
people. NCDs may be chronic diseases of
long duration and slow progression, or
they may result in more rapid death such
as some types of sudden stroke.
Non-Communicable Diseases
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Things I can NOT Control
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Heredity
Ethnicity
Gender
Age
Environment – smog, stress
Factors I can Control
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Activity
Diet
Smoking, Drug Use
Positive Attitude
Stress Reduction; Sleep
Types of Cancer
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Carcinoma – cancer affecting the membranes
lining the body (includes skin, glands & other
body linings)
Melanoma - aggressive form of skin cancer
(Malignant – spreads fast)
Sarcoma – cancer of connective tissue such as
bone, muscle, ligaments also including lymphatic
and circulatory systems
Lymphoma – cancer of the lymphatic system
(immune system)
Leukemia – cancer of the blood-forming organs
General Cancer Terms
www.youtube.com/user/1cancercenter?v=SGaQ0WwZ_0I
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Cancer:uncontrolled overgrowth of cells
Carcinogen: cancer-causing agent
Tumor: mass of cell overgrowth = lump
Benign: tumor which is slow-growing, contained
Malignant: growing rapidly & spreading
Polyp: small growth that may turn into cancer
Metastasis: spread to other parts of body
Biopsy: tiny tissue sample for lab analysis
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Remission: cancer not detectable
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Antibody: a protein which attaches to a bacteria
or virus to kill it or recruit cells to the infection
C A U T I O N (memorize)
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C Change in bowel habits
A A sore that does not heal
U Unusual bleeding or discharge
uterus, bladder, bowels, nipple, with coughing
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T
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Thickening or a lump
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
Risk Factors for Cancer
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Exposure to carcinogens
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Tobacco
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Diet (fat, red meats, charcoal grilled)
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Radiation – sun, x-rays
Treatment for Cancer
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Radiation – radioactive rays
Chemotherapy – medicines
(chemicals)
Surgery – removes cancerous tissue
ABC’s for Skin Moles
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A Asymmetry – can’t divide evenly
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B Border – uneven
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C Color – several colors
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D Diameter – larger than pencil eraser
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E Elevation – raised
Diabetes
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qi6LYIhlFdw
Type 1 - Body no longer produces insulin – usually
occurs in young people
Type 2 – Lifestyle disease usually caused by diet high in
simple carbohydrates and inadequate exercise
Cardio-Vascular Disease
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqe9j6i8p14
1. Hypertension – high blood pressure
2. Atherosclerosis – fat build up in vessels
3. Angina pectoris - chest pain, not enough
oxygen
4. Arrhythmias – Irregular heartbeats fibrillation
5.Heart Attack – heart muscle destroyed
6. Stroke – brain – vessel blockage or rupture
7. Embolism – blockage of artery (pulmonary)
8. Varicose veins – pooling of blood; weak ‘flaps’
Heart Attack - Warning Signs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wre2WRPiFI
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Pressure, fullness, squeezing or aching in
the chest area
Discomfort spreading to arms, neck, jaw,
upper abdomen and back
Chest discomfort WITH shortness of
breath, lightheadedness, sweating,
nausea, and vomiting
Diagnostic Tools
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ECG – electro-cardiogram
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Graph of electrical activity of heart
MRI – magnetic resonance imaging
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Powerful magnets create images of internal
organs
Treatment: CV Diseases
1. Coronary Bypass
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Vein replaces blocked artery
2. Angioplasty
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Tube with a balloon is inflated to open artery walls.
3. Medications
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Drugs lower cholesterol, slow blood clotting, and
maintain fluid balance (diuretics)
4. Pacemaker
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Small device sends electrical impulses so heart beats
regularly
Disease Flyer Article
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Sign up for a Disease that you want to
research
Follow rubric to create a Disease Flyer
which you will present to the class
Create an Educational Flyer
30 points
Requirements for Flyer
1. Causes/Prevention 2. Symptoms 3. Treatment/ Care 4. Progression/ Outcome
FLYER: Title should include NAME OF THE DISEASE
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Along with:
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Clear description and definition of the disease
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Complete, accurate information covering the 4 aspects above
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# of diagnoses/year and # of deaths/year – easy to see & read
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Picture of well-known public figure who has the disease
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Flyer is neat, colorful, demonstrates planning, creativity, and effort
PRESENTATION:
___/10 pts
___/ 7 pts
Presentation is thoughtful, organized and effectively
educates classmates
___/ 3 pts
Ready to present on time and Turn in this rubric before
your presentation
Non-Communicable Diseases
1.
Diabetes,
Type 1 and Type 2 - p.691
2. Cancer - P 681-687
Leukemia
Lung Cancer
Breast Cancer
Skin Cancer – Malignant Melanoma - p.362-365
Testicular Cancer
Brain Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
3. Nervous System – p.406Alzheimers
Lou Gehrig’s (ALS)
Multiple Sclerosis
Parkinson’s
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Epilepsy
4. Respiratory Diseases, p.433, p.635-637
Asthma
Emphysema
COPD - Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Teeth: Care & Prevention
1. Regular visits to dentist
2. Brush away plaque daily
3. Floss between teeth
4. Massage gums
5. Well-balanced diet
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Phosphorus, Calcium, Vitamin C
Avoid sugary foods
Teeth
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Plaque
 Sticky film
 Destroys tooth enamel
 Irritates gums
Tartar
 Plaque that has hardened on the teeth
Gingivitis
 Inflamed gums when bacteria develop under
plaque (bleeding gums)
 Can result in bone loss around teeth
Ears
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Tinnitus – ringing, buzzing, hissing,
roaring, or other sounds within ear
Hearing Loss/Deafness
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Heredity
Loud Noises – damage nerves
Approximate Decibel Levels
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60 Normal conversation, sewing machine
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90 Lawnmower, shop tools
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100 Chainsaw, pneumatic drill, snowmobile;
(2 hours/day maximum)
115 Sandblasting, loud rock concert
(15 min/day maximum)
140 Gun shot, jet engine
(causes pain; even brief exposure injures
unprotected ears)
Eyes
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Glaucoma: High pressure in the eye damages
the retina and optic nerve with loss of sight.
Cataracts: lens becomes cloudy creating
blurry or foggy vision
Macular Degeneration – Light-sensing cells
stop working. Leading cause of blindness
over age 60.
Care & Prevention - Eyes
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Diet rich in Vitamin A foods
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Red, Orange, Yellow Vegetables
Dark Green Leafy Vegetables
Protection
 Safety
goggles
 Sunglasses - don’t look at sun
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Eye exams – locate problems
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Rest eyes regularly – every 10 minutes