Transcript Internet - Computer Applications I

INTERNET
INTERNET TERMINOLOGY
Internet:
The general term used to describe the connection
of hundreds of thousands of computers worldwide. It is a
global network of computers.
Intranet:
A website that belongs to an organization,
usually a corporation, accessible only by the organization's
members, employees, or others with authorization.
THE INTERNET AND WWW
World Wide Web (WWW):
The method of accessing and
storing documents on the Internet.
 It is sometimes referred to as the Information Super Highway.
 This is the fastest growing part of the Internet.
The Internet is not “owned” or “controlled” by anyone.
It is a series of computers that are linked together all over the world.
 Some of the computers are run by universities and governments, others by
private corporations, and still others by private individuals.
NETWORKS
Network: Computers that are connected to each other and can communicate
with each other.
Internet: The ultimate network—the internet connects computers and networks all
over the world.
Network sizes: Networks can be categorized by size and location.
 LAN (Local Area Network): A network that covers a small geographic area—perhaps a network
that covers just one building or campus of a school.
 WAN (Wide Area Network): A network that covers a larger geographic area—perhaps a network
that covers several school buildings or campuses in
Protocol: The formal set of rules that must be observed for networks or network
devices to communicate with each other.
INTERNET TERMINOLOGY
Web page:
A document on the WWW.
Home page:
The page that initially displays when you search
different sites. A website is made up of a series of web pages.
Online:
Turned on and connected. Users are considered online
when they are connected to a computer service through a modem or
network.
INTERNET TERMINOLOGY
Telecommunications:
Refers to
all types of data transmission, from voice to
video.
Fax – a document or image that is transmitted
using a facsimile machine as a digitized image
over telephone lines and printed on the receiving
end.
Electronic mail (e-mail)
–
transmission of text messages and files
using a computer network
EMAIL TERMINOLOGY
Contacts: a list of email
addresses of friends and
coworkers
Address book: a database that
stores names, addresses and
other contact information for a
computer user.
Send: the last step in creating an
email correspondence
Reply: Option used to respond to
a sender’s email
Attachment: a file that is included
with an email that can be
opened by the user
INTERNET TERMINOLOGY
Telecommuting:
Describes a geographically dispersed
office where workers can work at home on a computer and
transmit data and documents to a central office via
communication lines.
Distance Learning:
Type of education, typically
college-level, where students work on their own at home or at
the office and communicate with faculty and other students via
e-mail, electronic forums, videoconferencing, chat rooms,
bulletin boards, instant messaging and other forms of
computer-based communication.
BROWSER
A computer program used to view Web pages--such as Internet
Explorer , Firefox, Netscape, and Safari.
Microsoft’s Internet Explorer
Google Chrome
Apple Safari
Mozilla Firefox
All of them have similar elements, but you may have to look around to locate
them all.
SURFING THE NET
“Surfing the Net”: Moving around from one link or
document to another, exploring different Web pages on different
servers.
Hyperlink:
A text or graphic that you can click on to move
from one document to another document on the WWW. It is typically
in a different color, underlined, or is perhaps an icon. When you point
to a hyperlink, the mouse pointer turns into a hand.
USING THE URL
URL:
This stands for Universal Resource Locator. It is the Internet
address of a Web page.
HTTP: Hypertext
Transfer Protocol
Internet formatting
rules
Another way to access a web page is to enter the URL in the
address bar of the browser.
Example: http://www.cnn.com
http:// is the protocol
www is the World Wide Web indicator
cnn.com is the domain name
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.com, .net for business
.edu for educational institution
.gov for government agency
.org for other types of organizations
SOURCE CODE
HTML: Hypertext Markup
Language – A special language that
uses tags (commands) to tell the browser
how to display the text. View the source
to see any web page in .html.
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1. Back – Takes you back to a previously visited site.
2. Forward - Takes you forward a web site.
This is only available after you have gone back a
web site.
3. Stop - Allows you to stop the transmission of a web site.
4. Refresh - Allows you to reload an updated web site.
5. Home - Takes you to your homepage web site.
This is the site that always will
display first when you start your browser software.
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6. Search
– Uses the search engine to allow you to find information the Internet.
7. Tabs – Allows you to open an additional website in a different window.
8. Mail - Connects you to e-mail.
9. Print - Allows you to print the document or page that you have opened in Explorer.
Click the arrow on the right to see Print, Print Preview, and Page Setup.
10. Address Bar - Web page address area.
You can type in a URL you wish to visit
here.
Search Engine: a database website that allows the user to locate links to
specific information given search criteria, such as Google, Yahoo and Bing.
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11. History - Shows you a record of all of the sites you have visited
12. Favorites - Takes you to a list of your favorite web sites
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To create a new favorite, click on Add to Favorites…
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Then, complete the dialog box that will pop up.
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You have the option of putting it in a folder to keep your work organized.
WAYS TO CONNECT
To connect to the internet, one must have a ISP, a connection
(telephone line, wireless, network cable), and a device like a
modem or network card.
ISP (Internet Service Provider) is an organization or company that provides
access to the Internet.
 Customers are generally billed a fixed rate per month, but other charges may apply.
Devices are a modems, network cards or both. Usually, the device is an internal
card in the computer that connects to a communication line, either through a cable
or wirelessly.
 Modem is a device that enables a computer to transmit data over, for example,
telephone or cable lines.
 With a cable modem, a network card is needed that communicates with an external cable modem.
A FEW IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER!
Anyone, anywhere can put up a web page!
 They may not be who they claim to be. In fact, they could be criminals.
 The information that they put on the web page may or may not be correct.
 The Internet is totally uncensored.
 Even if an activity is illegal in this country, our laws only apply to websites that are housed in this
county.
 Many websites are located in other countries to avoid certain laws.
 Avoid chat rooms.
 If you decide to use them, remember that there are many, many people in chat rooms pretending
to be someone else. Some of them are dangerous!
 Do not arrange to meet in person with an individual you met online.
Censorship: Banning of materials considered objectionable
Online: Attached to a network or the Internet
PRIVACY
Keep private information private.
 Do not give out personal information, including your full name, address, phone number, credit
card numbers, social security numbers, etc.
 Of course, you have to use this information to shop on the Internet, to pay bills, etc. Be sure you
are at the correct site and that the site is secure.
Identity Theft: A crime where a person fraudulently pretends to be someone else by using
their personal details to steal money, to purchase goods, or get other benefits.
Phishing: The use of fraudulent e-mail messages to gain personal information in order to
commit identity theft. These emails appear to come from legitimate businesses.
DATA GATHERING
The Internet is used as an information-gathering tool and a
worldwide market for services and products. Information can be
gathered voluntarily (with a person’s knowledge) or involuntarily
(without the person’s knowledge).
Voluntarily:
Anytime you fill out a form or input data on a Web page or Web
browser.
Involuntarily:
Anytime you visit a Web site, the computer number or name and
location can potentially be recorded along with how long you stayed at the site, the
date of your visit, and the time of your visit.
Cookie:
A file on your computer that stores information about you and your previous
activities on that web site. It is then accessed the next time you visit that site to enhance
your experience.
Cookies are not necessarily bad.
You can set your browser so that cookies are not allowed or are only allowed from certain sites.
HOW DO I SHOP OR PAY BILLS ONLINE?
Normal data is transmitted as plain text. Anyone can read it.
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) encrypts the data before transmitting
it across the web.
A secure web page is one that is running an active SSL session.
How can I tell if a web site is secure?
1. The URL should begin with https. (S for secure)
2. There will be a picture of a lock somewhere on the page (probably at the
bottom of the page).
REMEMBER…
Be careful… Check things out!
 If something sounds too good to be true, it is probably a scam.
Keep your computer secure.
 Update your operating system and browser regularly. Be sure you get the security updates.
 Run a security suite that includes virus protection, anti-spying software, firewalls, etc. and update
it regularly.
MORE TERMINOLOGY…
Hacker—A person who secretly and without authorization accesses another
person’s computer.
Virus—A program that replicates itself by copying itself into other executable
code or documents.
Malware ("malicious software”)—Software that damages or does other
unwanted actions on a computer system. Examples include viruses, worms,
Trojan horses, and spyware.
Spyware—Software that gathers information about the computer user with
his/her knowledge or consent.
FREE SOFTWARE?
Freeware:
Software that is free on the Internet, usually downloadable.
Shareware:
Shareware is software that is distributed free on a trial basis with the
understanding that the user will need pay for it keep it beyond the trial period and to legally
continue using it.
Check out software before you download it.
You can purchase and download software online.
Some of it is free! Before you download it, be aware that malware, spyware, and viruses could be
attached.
Check it out and download from reputable sites.
PC Magazine (pcmag.com) has reviews and many free downloads of great software.
IS THE INFORMATION ACCURATE?
Some information on the Internet is not accurate.
Anyone, anywhere, can publish any document or information they choose. Many
do not check their facts carefully, others place deliberately false information,
and some pretend to be someone or some organization that they are not.
No one reviews the information for accuracy before it is published.
So be careful about relying on information received over the Internet.
HOW DO I KNOW WHETHER A SITE IS GOOD?
You should only use information from sites that
are reputable.
 for example universities, government, reputable
companies, etc.
Look over the website.
 Does it look trustworthy?
 Are words misspelled?
Is the site useful for your purpose?
Is it someone’s personal page?
What type of domain does it come from?
 Government sites: .gov, .mil, .us, or other country
code
 Educational sites: .edu
 Nonprofit organizations: .org
© WHAT IS COPYRIGHTED ? ©
Copyright: © Copyright is a protection that covers published and unpublished
literary, scientific and artistic works, whatever the form of expression, provided such
works are fixed in a tangible or material form.
Original work that can be seen, heard and/or touched it is automatically copyrighted.
 The work is copyrighted even if there is no copyright symbol.
 Unless it explicitly says that it is free, consider it copyrighted.
 Anyone can choose to use the copyright symbol on their original work if they desire.
Copyright laws apply to text, graphics, sound clips, etc. found on the Internet.
Intellectual property is the legal rights over original writings,
music, ideas, etc. including copyrights and patents.
WHAT ARE THE RULES I NEED TO
FOLLOW?
In general, you can paraphrase or quote the information there in your
reports as long as you cite it (similar to the way you cite information found
in books or magazines).
You can use also use short quotations. They must also be cited.
However, the rules about copying that text, graphic, sound clip, etc., to your
own web page is much stricter.
In general, you should not copy it to your web page without the owner’s
permission.
Plagiarism—taking someone’s ideas or words as
your own.
INTERNET INFORMATION
Fair Use laws:
Fair Use is a legal principle that defines the limitations on the
exclusive rights of copyright holders.
 The purpose of these guidelines is to provide guidance on the application of fair use principles
by educators, scholars and students who develop multimedia projects using portions of
copyrighted works under fair use rather than by seeking authorization for non-commercial
educational uses.
 These guidelines apply only to fair use in the context of copyright and to no other rights.
Public domain:
Materials that are not copyrighted because their authors intended
to share them with everyone else are in the public domain.
Royalties:
A payment to an author or composer for each copy of a work sold or to
an inventor for each item sold under a patent.
Computer Ethics: What is morally right or wrong when using computers,
internet and email.
SO WHAT CAN I USE?
Motion Media
Up to10% or 3 minutes,
whichever is smaller
Music, Lyrics, Music
Videos
Photographs and
Illustrations
Up to 10% or 30 seconds,
whichever is smaller
No more than 5 images
from one artist or
photographer
Photographs and
Illustrations
Text
Poetry
No more than10% or 15
images from a collection
Up to 10% of the total or
1,000 words, whichever is
less.
Poetry
Poetry
No more than 3 poems by
one author
No more than 5 poems by
different authors in an
anthology
An entire poem of less than
250 words
Longer poems: No more
than 250 words but no
more than 3 excerpts from
one poet or 5 excerpts
from different poets in
same work
Numerical Data Sets
Multimedia Project
Up to 10% or 2,500 entries
(whichever is smaller) from
a database or table
No more than 2 copies of a
project
CITE YOUR SOURCES!
You must cite your sources for all kinds of
documents—not just your papers.
You need to cite where you got your music, video,
and pictures or illustrations.
GREAT NEWS!!!
Citation Machine makes
it easy!
HOW DO I SAVE A MUSIC, SOUND, PDF, OR OTHER FILE?
To save a picture: Rightclick and select Save Picture
As…
To save other files: Right
click and select Save Target
As…
JPEG (.jpg) – an image file format that is
compressed and is often used on the Internet.
PDF (.pdf) – (“Portable Document Format” ) widely
used format for brochures, booklets, papers, etc.,
which was developed by Adobe.
MP3 and WAV (.mp3 and .wav) – two widely used
music formats
Note: Audacity (audacity.com) is a free software
that lets you edit out 30 seconds of a song to use in
your projects.