Transcript © 2012 M and K Solutions, LLC -- All Rights...

© 2012 M and K Solutions, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Table of Contents
0 Part I: Internet Terminology
0 Part 2: Navigating the Internet
0 Part 3: Safety, Security, and Privacy
0 Part 4: Searching and Using Information Correctly
Part 1: Terminology
Terms to Know
√
Types
Internet
intranet
√
Website
Other Terms
√
home page
distance learning
web page
email
WWW (World Wide
Web)
fax
network
online
LAN
telecommunications
protocol
telecommuting
Internet Terminology
0 Internet:
The general term used to describe the
connection of hundreds of thousands of computers
worldwide. It is a global network of computers.
0 Intranet:
A website that belongs to an
organization, usually a corporation, accessible only by
the organization's members, employees, or others with
authorization.
The Internet and WWW
0 World Wide Web (WWW):
The method of
accessing and storing documents on the Internet.
0 It is sometimes referred to as the Information Super Highway.
0 This is the fastest growing part of the Internet.
0 The Internet is not “owned” or “controlled” by anyone.
0 It is a series of computers that are linked together all over the
world.
0 Some of the computers are run by universities and governments,
others by private corporations, and still others by private
individuals.
Networks
0 Network: Computers that are connected to each other and can
communicate with each other.
0 Internet: The ultimate network—the internet connects computers and
networks all over the world.
0 Network sizes: Networks can be categorized by size and location.
0 LAN (Local Area Network): A network that covers a small geographic area—perhaps a
network that covers just one building or campus of a school.
0 WAN (Wide Area Network): A network that covers a larger geographic area—perhaps a
network that covers several school buildings or campuses in
0 Protocol: The formal set of rules that must be observed for networks or
network devices to communicate with each other.
Internet Terminology
0 Web page:
A document on the WWW.
0 Home page:
The page that initially displays when you
search different sites. A website is made up of a series of web
pages.
0 Online:
Turned on and connected. Users are considered
online when they are connected to a computer service through a
modem or network.
Internet Terminology
Telecommunications:
Refers to
all types of data transmission, from voice to
video.
Electronic mail (e-mail)
–
transmission of text messages and files
using a computer network
Fax – a document or image that is transmitted
using a facsimile machine as a digitized image
over telephone lines and printed on the receiving
end.
Internet Terminology
0 Telecommuting:
Describes a geographically
dispersed office where workers can work at home on a
computer and transmit data and documents to a central
office via communication lines.
0 Distance Learning:
Type of education,
typically college-level, where students work on their
own at home or at the office and communicate with
faculty and other students via e-mail, electronic forums,
videoconferencing, chat rooms, bulletin boards, instant
messaging and other forms of computer-based
communication.
Assignment #1
Internet Terminology
Complete Part 1 of the Internet Student Packet
Table of Contents
Part 2: Navigating the Internet
Terms to Know
√
Navigating
√
Browser Features
browser
Favorites
hyperlink
History
URL
Refresh
Surfing the net
Tabs
√
Other Terms
HTML
HTTP
Browser
0 A computer program used to view Web pages--such as
Internet Explorer , Firefox, Netscape, and Safari.
Microsoft’s Internet Explorer
0 In this PowerPoint, Internet Explorer 8.0 was used unless otherwise noted.
Mozilla FireFox
0 All of them have similar elements, but you may have to look
around to locate them all.
Apple’s Safari
Surfing the Net
0“Surfing the Net”: Moving around from one link
or document to another, exploring different Web pages on
different servers.
0Hyperlink:
A text or graphic that you can click on to
move from one document to another document on the WWW. It
is typically in a different color, underlined, or is perhaps an icon.
When you point to a hyperlink, the mouse pointer turns into a
hand.
Using the URL
0 URL:
This stands for Universal Resource Locator. It is the
Internet address of a Web page.
0 Another way to access a web page is to enter the URL in the
address bar of the browser.
Example: http://www.cnn.com
http:// is the protocol
www is the World Wide Web indicator
cnn.com is the domain name
•
•
•
•
HTTP: Hypertext
Transfer Protocol
Internet formatting
rules
.com, .net for business
.edu for educational institution
.gov for government agency
.org for other types of organizations
Source Code
HTML: Hypertext Markup
Language – A special language that
uses tags (commands) to tell the
browser how to display the text.
View the source to see any web page
in .html.
1
2
4
3
5
1. Back – Takes you back to a previously visited site.
2. Forward - Takes you forward a web site.
back a web site.
This is only available after you have gone
3. Stop - Allows you to stop the transmission of a web site.
4. Refresh - Allows you to reload an updated web site.
5. Home - Takes you to your homepage web site.
This is the site that always
will display first when you start your browser software.
6
10
7
8
6. Search
– Uses the search engine to allow you to find information the Internet.
7. Tabs – Allows you to open an additional website in a different window.
8. Mail - Connects you to e-mail.
9. Print - Allows you to print the document or page that you have opened in
Explorer. Click the arrow on the right to see Print, Print Preview, and Page Setup.
10. Address Bar - Web page address area.
visit here.
9
You can type in a URL you wish to
11
12
11. History - Shows you a record of all of the sites you have visited
12. Favorites - Takes you to a list of your favorite web sites
To create a new favorite, click on Add to Favorites…
0
0
Then, complete the dialog box that will pop up.
0
You have the option of putting it in a folder to keep your work organized.
Assignment #2
Internet Logistics and Navigating
Complete Part 2 of the Internet Student Packet
Table of Contents
Part 3: Safety, Security, and Privacy
Terms to Know
General
Terminology
√
√
Privacy
Security
√
ISP
identity theft
hacker
modem
phishing
virus
online
https
malware
censorship
SSL
spyware
freeware
shareware
Ways to connect
FYI--Not on
test
To connect to the internet, one must have a ISP, a connection
(telephone line, wireless, network cable), and a device like a
modem or network card.
0 ISP (Internet Service Provider) is an organization or company that
provides access to the Internet.
0 Customers are generally billed a fixed rate per month, but other charges may
apply.
0 Devices are a modems, network cards or both. Usually, the device is an
internal card in the computer that connects to a communication line, either
through a cable or wirelessly.
0 Modem is a device that enables a computer to transmit data over, for example,
telephone or cable lines.
0 With a cable modem, a network card is needed that communicates with an external cable
modem.
Depending on the situation, a variety of methods,
cables, and devices are used:
FYI--Not on
test
0 Dial-up Uses a regular telephone line and a modem. This is the slowest
method of connecting but can be accomplished with a home phone, or a
second dedicated line.
0 ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) A digital transmission over
ordinary telephone copper wire as well as over other media. Home and
business users who install an ISDN adapter (in place of a telephone modem)
receive Web pages at up to 128 Kbps compared with the maximum 56 Kbps
rate of a modem connection.
0 DSL (Dedicated Subscriber Lines) Uses sophisticated modulation schemes to
pack data onto copper wires.
0 T1/T3 lines A dedicated phone connection. T3 are faster.
0 Cable (for example: Cox) Cable modems are much faster than dial-up or DSL.
However, they require a network card and a cable modem in addition to a
subscription fee added to the cable bill.
0 Fiber Optic Cables. Fiber-optic lines are strands of optically pure glass as thin
as a human hair that carry digital information over long distances.
A few important things to
remember!
0 Anyone, anywhere can put up a web page!
0 They may not be who they claim to be. In fact, they could be criminals.
0 The information that they put on the web page may or may not be correct.
0 The Internet is totally uncensored.
0 Even if an activity is illegal in this country, our laws only apply to websites that are
housed in this county.
0 Many websites are located in other countries to avoid certain laws.
0 Avoid chat rooms.
0 If you decide to use them, remember that there are many, many people in chat rooms
pretending to be someone else. Some of them are dangerous!
0 Do not arrange to meet in person
with an individual
youof
met
online. considered
Censorship:
Banning
materials
objectionable
Online: Attached to a network or the Internet
Privacy
0 Keep private information private.
0 Do not give out personal information, including your full name, address, phone
number, credit card numbers, social security numbers, etc.
0 Of course, you have to use this information to shop on the Internet, to pay bills, etc. Be
sure you are at the correct site and that the site is secure.
FYI Not on Test
Identity Theft: A crime where a person fraudulently pretends to be someone else by
using their personal details to steal money, to purchase goods, or get other benefits.
Phishing: The use of fraudulent e-mail messages to gain personal information in order
to commit identity theft. These emails appear to come from legitimate businesses.
Data Gathering
The Internet is used as an information-gathering tool and a
worldwide market for services and products. Information can be
gathered voluntarily (with a person’s knowledge) or involuntarily
(without the person’s knowledge).
0 Voluntarily:
Web browser.
Anytime you fill out a form or input data on a Web page or
0 Involuntarily:
Anytime you visit a Web site, the computer number or
name and location can potentially be recorded along with how long you stayed
at the site, the date of your visit, and the time of your visit.
Cookie:
A file on your computer that stores information about you and your
previous activities on that web site. It is then accessed the next time you visit that
site to enhance your experience.
Cookies are not necessarily bad.
You can set your browser so that cookies are not allowed or are only allowed from certain
sites.
FYI-not on test
How do I shop or pay bills
online?
0 Normal data is transmitted as plain text. Anyone can read
it.
0 SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) encrypts the data before
transmitting it across the web.
0 A secure web page is one that is running an active SSL
session.
How can I tell if a web site is secure?
1. The URL should begin with https. (S for secure)
2. There will be a picture of a lock somewhere on the page (probably at
the bottom of the page).
Remember…
0 Be careful… Check things out!
0 If something sounds too good to be true, it is probably a scam.
0 Keep your computer secure.
0 Update your operating system and browser regularly. Be sure you get the security
updates.
0 Run a security suite that includes virus protection, anti-spying software, firewalls, etc.
and update it regularly.
FYI-not on test
More terminology…
0 Hacker—A person who secretly and without authorization accesses
another person’s computer.
0 Virus—A program that replicates itself by copying itself into other
executable code or documents.
0 Malware ("malicious software”)—Software that damages or does
other unwanted actions on a computer system. Examples include
viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and spyware.
0 Spyware—Software that gathers information about the computer
user with his/her knowledge or consent.
FYI-not on test
Free Software?
0 Freeware:
Software that is free on the Internet, usually downloadable.
0 Shareware:
Shareware is software that is distributed free on a trial basis with the
understanding that the user will need pay for it keep it beyond the trial period and to
legally continue using it.
Check out software before you download it.
You can purchase and download software online.
Some of it is free! Before you download it, be aware that malware, spyware, and viruses could
be attached.
Check it out and download from reputable sites.
PC Magazine (pcmag.com) has reviews and many free downloads of great software.
Assignment # 3
Safety, Security, and Privacy
Complete Part 3 of the Internet Student Packet
Table of Contents
Part 4: Searching and Using
Information Correctly
Terms to Know
√
Searching
√
Intellectual
Property
√
JPEG (.jpg)
search engine
copyright
Boolean operators
plagiarism
PDF (.pdf)
public domain
MP3 (.mp3)
Fair Use Laws
WAV (.wav)
cite/citation
Is the information accurate?
0 Some information on the Internet is not accurate.
0 Anyone, anywhere, can publish any document or information they
choose. Many do not check their facts carefully, others place
deliberately false information, and some pretend to be someone or some
organization that they are not.
0 No one reviews the information for accuracy before it is published.
0 So be careful about relying on information received over the Internet.
How do I know whether a site is good?
0 You should only use information from
sites that are reputable.
0 for example universities, government,
reputable companies, etc.
0 Look over the website.
0 Does it look trustworthy?
0 Are words misspelled?
0 Is the site useful for your purpose?
0 Is it someone’s personal page?
0 What type of domain does it come from?
0 Government sites: .gov, .mil, .us, or
other country code
0 Educational sites: .edu
0 Nonprofit organizations: .org
Are there any lists of good
sites to help me?
www.ala.org/greatsites
from the American Library
Association
www.ipl.org
Internet Public Library
© What is copyrighted? ©
0 Copyright: © Copyright is a protection that covers published and
unpublished literary, scientific and artistic works, whatever the form of
expression, provided such works are fixed in a tangible or material form.
0 Original work that can be seen, heard and/or touched it is automatically
copyrighted.
0 The work is copyrighted even if there is no copyright symbol.
0 Unless it explicitly says that it is free, consider it copyrighted.
0 Anyone can choose to use the copyright symbol on their original work if they desire.
0 Copyright laws apply to text, graphics, sound clips, etc. found on the Internet.
Intellectual property is the legal rights over original
writings, music, ideas, etc. including copyrights and
patents.
What are the rules I need to
follow?
0 In general, you can paraphrase or quote the information there in
your reports as long as you cite it (similar to the way you cite
information found in books or magazines).
0 You can use also use short quotations. They must also be cited.
0 However, the rules about copying that text, graphic, sound clip, etc.,
to your own web page is much stricter.
0 In general, you should not copy it to your web page without the
owner’s permission.
Plagiarism—taking someone’s ideas or words as
your own.
Internet Information
0 Fair Use laws:
Fair Use is a legal principle that defines the limitations on
the exclusive rights of copyright holders.
0 The purpose of these guidelines is to provide guidance on the application of fair use
principles by educators, scholars and students who develop multimedia projects using
portions of copyrighted works under fair use rather than by seeking authorization for
non-commercial educational uses.
0 These guidelines apply only to fair use in the context of copyright and to no other
rights.
0 Public domain:
Materials that are not copyrighted because their authors
intended to share them with everyone else are in the public domain.
0 Royalties:
A payment to an author or composer for each copy of a work
sold or to an inventor for each item sold under a patent.
So what can I use?
Motion Media
Up to10% or 3 minutes,
whichever is smaller
Music, Lyrics, Music
Videos
Photographs and
Illustrations
Up to 10% or 30 seconds,
whichever is smaller
No more than 5 images
from one artist or
photographer
Photographs and
Illustrations
No more than10% or 15
images from a collection
Text
Up to 10% of the total or
1,000 words, whichever is
less.
Poetry
Poetry
No more than 3 poems
by one author
Poetry
No more than 5 poems by
different authors in an
anthology
Numerical Data Sets
Up to 10% or 2,500
entries (whichever is
smaller) from a database
or table
An entire poem of less
than 250 words
Longer poems: No more
than 250 words but no
more than 3 excerpts
from one poet or 5
excerpts from different
poets in same work
Multimedia Project
No more than 2 copies of
a project
Cite your sources!
0 You must cite your sources for all kinds of
documents—not just your papers.
0 You need to cite where you got your music,
video, and pictures or illustrations.
GREAT NEWS!!!
Citation Machine
makes it easy!
Citation Machine makes it easy!
http://www.citationmachine.net
1. Click on APA or the desired style.
2. Click on Web Document or other type of source.
3. Fill in the blanks with all the information that you have.
4. Click the Submit button.
5. Highlight and then copy the citation.
6. Paste it into your PowerPoint, paper, etc.
7. Format it correctly.
FYI-not on test
How do I save a music, sound, pdf, or other file?
To save a picture: Rightclick and select Save Picture
As…
To save other files: Right
click and select Save Target
As…
JPEG (.jpg) – an image file format that is
compressed and is often used on the Internet.
PDF (.pdf) – (“Portable Document Format” )
widely used format for brochures, booklets,
papers, etc., which was developed by Adobe.
("Bandelier--For Teachers")
MP3 and WAV (.mp3 and .wav) – two widely used
music formats
Note: Audacity (audacity.com) is a free software
that lets you edit out 30 seconds of a song to use
in your projects.
FYI-not on test
Internet Searching
The goal is to get a shorter list of relevant sites!
0 The Internet is not organized.
0 Narrowing a Search:
The goal is to get a shorter list of relevant sites, rather
than a long list where many of the entries do not apply.
Rankings of Five
Major Search Engines
Share of Searches
0 Different search engines may help to locate
more information about a particular topic.
0 There are hundreds of search engines.
Google
Yahoo! Sites
Microsoft Sites
Ask Network
AOL LLC
64%
20%
8%
4%
4%
("comScore Releases May 2009 U.S. Search
Engine Rankings")
Internet Searching
0 It is very important that you narrow your search as much as possible when
working with the Internet.
0 If you are very vague when searching, your search results may bring back
hundreds or thousands of sites pertaining to that topic.
0 Search Engines: Internet sites designed to assist the user in locating
information about a particular topic. Once you enter a topic to search, these
sites will search the Internet for you and give you links to other sites about your
topic.
FYI-not on test
Narrowing a Search
0 Internet search engines operate on a system called Boolean
operators. This is a term for the use of AND, OR, and NOT, + and – in
searches.
0 When searching the Internet, you will type words that the search
engine will then look for.
Example: sports car
The way that the search engine interprets the space between
the word sports and car determines what links will be
returned.
In some cases, the search engines interpret the space as the
word “OR”.
Narrowing a Search
0 Plus (+) or AND:
Using the plus sign will change the Boolean operator
from “OR” to “AND”, allowing the user to narrow the search.
0 For example, if you wanted to search for the rules for a game of billiard you might
want to try typing either of these. They should work the same.
+billiards +rules
billards and rules
0 Some engines do not require the (+) signs or (-) signs due to the advanced
programming.
0 When searching remember that it looks at the first word (top) and then adds the other
search words.
Narrowing a
Search
FYI-not on test
Remember that when you are using + or – in
a search string,
•Put a space before the + or -.
•Do not put a space after the + or -.
+billiards –equipment –supplies
0 Minus (-) or NOT: If you put a minus sign directly in front of a
word, many search engines will NOT retrieve documents containing
that word.
0 So if you search for
+billiards –equipment –supplies
billiards and not equipment and not supplies
0 It will list billiards-related documents as long as they do not emphasize equipment
and supplies.
More Effective
Searching
Remember that when you are using + or –
in a search string,
•Put a space before the + or -.
•Do not put a space after the + or sports +car
FYI-not on test
0 Use more descriptive, specific words as opposed to general ones.
0 For example, a search for Lamborghini will return much more specific results than a
search for
sports +car
sports and car
0 Most search engines are not case sensitive, so it is not important to capitalize
words in your search.
0 When searching for phrases , place the phrase in quotation marks.
“United Nations”
FYI-not on test
Internet Searching
0 When searching for phrases in Excite, place the phrase in quotation
marks.
“United Nations”
0 Remember that when you are using + or – in a search string, you must
put a space before the + or -.
Remember that when you are using +
or – in a search string,
•Put a space before the + or -.
•Do not put a space after the + or -.
sports +car
Assignment #4
Searching and Using Information Correctly
Complete Part 4 of the Internet Student Packet
Table of Contents
Sources
"Bandelier--For Teachers." U.S. National Park Service - Experience Your America. June 22, 2009. Demand
Media Inc.. 23 Jun 2009 <http://www.nps.gov/band/forteachers/index.htm>.
"comScore Releases May 2009 U.S. Search Engine Rankings." comScore. June 17, 2009. comScpre. 22 Jun
2009
<http://www.comscore.com/Press_Events/Press_Releases/2009/6/comScore_Releases_May_
2009_U.S._Search_Engine_Rankings>.
"Copyright and Fair Use in the Classroom, on the Internet, and the World Wide Web ." Information and
Library Services. University of Maryland University College. 22 Jun 2009
<http://www.umuc.edu/library/copy.shtml>.
Flanagan, Debbie. "Search Engines." Web Search Strategies. February 27, 2004. 22 Jun 2009
<http://www.learnwebskills.com/search/engines.html>.
"Kids, research and the Internet." Norton from symantec. August 6, 2007. Symantec. 22 Jun 2009
<http://www.symantec.com/norton/products/library/article.jsp?aid=fr_kids_research_intern
et>.
"Protecting your Privacy on the Internet." Office of the Privacy Commissioner. Australian Government. 22
Jun 2009 <http://www.privacy.gov.au/internet/internet_privacy/>.
"What is SSL?." SSL.com. 3/10/2006. SSL. 22 Jun 2009 <http://info.ssl.com/article.aspx?id=10241>.