Transcript Man`s View of the Universe

Man’s View of the
Universe
By:
Anthony Chitko
Aristotle
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Lived in Ancient Greek BC.
Thought the Heavens were
composed of fifty-five
concentric, crystalline spheres.
His views of the universe
explained that the spheres
moved with constant angular
velocity, and the objects
attached to them were always
the same distance from Earth
because they moved on
spheres.
Ptolemy
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Lived in Roman Province of
Egypt 150 A.D.
His Ptolemaic Universe was
contributed to the modification of
Aristotle’s universe.
There were three incorrect held
beliefs that helped from ancient
views of the universe for more
than a thousands years. 1- All
motion in the heavens is uniform
circular motion. 2- The objects in
the heavens are made from
perfect material, and cannot
change their intrinsic properties.
3- The Earth is at the center of
the universe.
Epicycles were geocentric
models to explain the variations
of speed and direction of motion.
Designed by Apollonius of Perga.
Copernicus
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Lived in 16th Century A.D.(1473-1543)
Heliocentric means that the Sun was the
center of the Solar System, not Earth.
Geocentric is a theory that Earth is at the
center and the Sun and other objects go
around it.
Old ideas were –
1. the planets that were in a system naturally
vary in brightness because they were not
always the same distance from Earth.
2. Retrograde motion (motion in the opposite
direction) could be explained in terms of
geometry and a faster motion for planets
with smaller orbits.
Another idea is a Sun-centered Solar
System
People wouldn’t accept Copernicus’s ideas
until 100 years after his death.
Aristech proposed the Sun-centered Solar
System 2000 years ago
Geocentric and Heliocentric was embraced
by both Aristotle and Ptolemy
Brahe
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1546-1601 A.D.
Three major contributions
were1. Precise observations by
devising instruments.
2. Observations particularly
Mars.
3. Observe of Supernova( new
star)
Nose was cut off by sword
fighting with a student, died of
a urinary infection.
Keplar
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1571-1630 A.D.
A ellipse is a flatten circle.
He was able to use Brahe’s
research because he died and his
family kept it away from Keplar.
Perihelion is the closet distance
from the planets to the sun.
Aphelion is the farest distance
from a planet to the sun.
His first law of planetary motion is
that the planet’s orbits are
ellipses.
Second law is the planets sweep
out equal areas of its obit in equal
time.
He also saw the Supernova (SN1604).
Galileo
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1564-1642
His work with motion was
Newton’s 1st law Inertia
He’s ideas were by virture of a
series of experiments, realizing
the analysis of Aristotle was
wrong because he need to
account properly for a hidden
force.
He also realized that as the
motional forces were
decreased, the object would
move further and further before
stopping.
Aristotle vs. Galileo
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Aristotle said objects on Earth stopped moving once
applied forces were removed
He also said that spheres in the heavens only moved
because of the action of the Prime Mover, continually
applied the force to outer spheres.
Aristotle believed the motion of the heavens were a
different set of laws than those that governed men on
Earth.
Galileo believed that the laws that governed the heavens
were the same laws that Aristotle said that governed
motion of the Earth’s surface.
Questions
Any questions at this point?
Sites
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http://www.marcdatabase.com/~lemur/lemur.com/gallery-of-antiquariantechnology/philosophical-instruments/galileo-singer
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Impetustheorieavicenna.png
http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/retrograde/aristotle.html
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http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearc
h%2Fimages%3Fei%3DUTF-8%26p%3DAristotle%26fr2%3Dtab-web%26fr%3Dmy-vert-webtop&w=350&h=417&imgurl=staff.tpjcian.net%2Ftan_kok_wui_adrian%2Fimages%2Faristotle_altemps.jpg&rurl=htt
p%3A%2F%2Fstaff.tpjcian.net%2Ftan_kok_wui_adrian%2FGPLecture.htm&size=54.8kB&name=aristotle_altemps
.jpg&p=Aristotle&type=JPG&oid=7a49521e48bb2722&no=10&tt=48148
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy
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http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mpagarching.mpg.de/mpa/research/current_research/hl2005-3/f1-s.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mpagarching.mpg.de/mpa/research/current_research/hl2005-3/hl2005-3en.html&h=598&w=300&sz=39&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=KY_h1iSK9AwZ3M:&tbnh=135&tbn
w=68&prev=/images%3Fq%3DBrahe%2Bsupernova%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dop
era%26rls%3Den%26sa%3DG
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/4/
4d/300pxKeplers_supernova.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.answers.com/topic/supernova&h=300&w=300&sz=1
7&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=MGEjMr6dIzDOM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsupernova%26um%3D1%26hl
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Sites
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tycho_Brahe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Kepler_Mars_retrograde.jpg
http://www.genciencia.com/images/250px-Johannes_Kepler.jpeg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg
http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.
search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3DNicolaus%2BCopernicus%26sp
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dia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2F2%2F28%2FCopernicus.jpg&rurl=http%3A%
2F%2Fndsnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNicolaus_Copernicus&size=28.6kB&name=Copernicus.j
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