Transcript RM_L9_InternetResearchx

Research Methods in Computer
Science
Lecture: Internet Research
Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science
University of Malakand
Internet Research
 Collecting information and studying a particular subject using resources
published on the Internet
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Internet is an excellent tool for-
1. Conducting Literature Survey
2. Data Collection
3. Finding Data Analysis Tools
4. Technical Writing Guide
5. Disseminate Your Work
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Literature Survey
The Internet provides
- access to a wealth of information on countless topics contributed
by people throughout the world.
- a user has access to a wide variety of services: vast information
sources, electronic mail, file transfer, interest group membership,
interactive collaboration, multimedia displays,
and more.
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Literature Survey
- The Internet is not a library in which all its available items are
identified and can be retrieved by a single catalog.
- In fact, no one knows how many individual files reside on the Internet.
- The number runs into a few billion and is growing at a rapid pace.
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Literature Survey
•The Internet is
–a self-publishing medium
–anyone with little or no technical skills and access to a host computer
can publish on the Internet.
– Internet sites change over time according to the commitment and
inclination of the creator.
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Literature Survey
– Some sites demonstrate an expert's knowledge, while others are
amateur efforts.
–Some may be updated daily, while others may be outdated.
–As with any information resource, evaluation of what you find on the
Internet is important
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Internet Vs Books/Text
•Anyone can publish a
Web page
•No one checks to see
if the information is
true or false
•There are millions of
places to look for
information
Internet
•Using the Internet is
much quicker
•You can narrow down
what you’re looking for
more easily
•A book has to be
published by a
publishing company
•Both provide
•Editors check and verify
• sources
of information the information
•Both are
•viewed by
millions of
people each
day
•Looking for a book can
be more time consuming
Books/Text
•You have to visit a
library
•The library uses a
classification system
•The Internet uses
search engines
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FIND INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET ?
-Go directly to a site if you have the address
- Browse
- Explore a subject directory
- Conduct a search using a Web search engine
- Query a service devoted to digitized - - scholarly materials or books
- Join an e-mail discussion group
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Browsing
-Haphazard but interesting way of finding desired material on the Internet.
- The creator of a home page programs each link, you never know where
these links might lead.
- High quality starting pages will contain high quality links.
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Subject Directories
Directories are a collection of web organized by experts
Created by universities, libraries, companies, organizations
 Organized by subject and consist of links to Internet resources
A good directory will also evaluate web sites for quality and reliability
Starting with a directory can give you a good idea about the amount and
type of web based information on your topic.
Most directories provide a search capability that allows you to query the
database on your topic of interest.
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Types of Directories
General Web Directories:
 Covers all subject areas
 Not selective - tend not to evaluate web sites for quality
 Large in size - will include and organize millions of web sites
Examples of General Web Directories
 Yahoo Directory
 Google Directory
 Open Directory
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Types of Directories
• Academic Web Directories:
o Covers most academic subjects and disciplines
o Selective - some are more selective than others
o Limited in size - favoring quality over quantity
• Subject Web Directories:
o Covers a specific subject or discipline area
o Selective - tend to be quite selective
o Limited in size - limited by the nature of the subject
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When to use Directories?
Directories are useful for
- general topics
- for topics that need exploring
- for in-depth research, and for browsing
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Examples of Subject Directories
About.com
http://about.com
Lycos Sites by Subject
http://www.lycos.com/default.asp
The Open Directory Project
http://dmoz.org
The WWW Virtual Library
http://www.vlib.org
Argus Clearinghouse
Magellan Internet Guide
Yahoo!
http://www.clearinghouse.net
http://magellan.excite.com
http://www.yahoo.com
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DATABASES
A collection of structured records.
Structured in such a way to permit orderly retrieval, e.g. for research, study,
or administration.
A database may contain citations or it may have full-text articles.
Every database has its own subject scope and coverage.
It is searchable in a variety of ways, such as title, author, subject, and
keyword. But only in its normal database environment, using the
database-specific search engine.
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DATABASES
 Types of databases

Bibliographic databases

Full-text databases

Numeric databases

Image databases

Audio/Video databases

Mixed databases
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DATABASES
 Blackwell Publishing
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com
The Blackwell database covers the following subjects:
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting
Engineering, Computing and Technology
Health Sciences
Humanities
Law
Life and Physical Sciences
Mathematics and Statistics
Medicine
Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Arts
Veterinary Medicine, Animal Sciences, Agriculture and Aquaculture
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DATABASES
 ScienceDirect http://www.sciencedirect.com/
An information source for scientific, technical, and medical research
 INFOMINE http://infomine.ucr.edu/
Scholarly internet resources
 GPO ACCESS ONLINE RESOURCES
http://www.gpoaccess.gov/databases.html
 UNESCO E-RESOURCES
 http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ulis/index.html
 Bibliographic records and Full text of UNESCO documents, publications,
periodicals.
 Bibliographic records of the Library's acquisitions.
 OpenJ-Gate FREE ARTICLES
http://www.open-gate.com/search/QuickSearch.aspx
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FREE DATABASES
FREE
DOAJ ( Directory of open access journals)
http://www.doaj.org/
 Multidisciplinary databases
http://csulb.libguides.com/content.php?pid=147338&sid=1286279
http://clemson.libguides.com/content.php?pid=94851&sid=709062
http://www.library.fullerton.edu/guides/free_databases/Home.php
 BEAUCOUP REFERENCE AND EDUCATION LITERATURE
http://www.beaucoup.com/3refeng.html
 Business Management
http://www.businessresearchsources.com/database/free_databases.html
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DATABASES
Economics
http://ideas.repec.org/
http://www.economicsnetwork.ac.uk/links/data_free.htm
Finance and economics
http://www.gfmag.com/tools/global-database/economicdata.html#axzz1Yb43Mai4
Global finance
 http://www.gfmag.com/tools/global-database/economic-data/10299the-worlds-richest-and-poorest-countries.html#axzz1Yb43Mai4
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DATABASES
 Religion-Christianity
http://www.library.yale.edu/div/forfree.html
 Religion and philosophy resources
http://www.liberty.edu/index.cfm?PID=20489
 Religion- Islam
http://www.altafsir.com/
 MEDICINE
 http://www.priory.com/
Priory medical journals
 http://www.freemedicaljournals.com/ Medical Journals
 http://highwire.stanford.edu/lists/freeart.dtl HighWire Online Full text
articles
 http://www.medscape.com/ Medscape
 SCIENCE
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DATABASES
MEDICINE
 http://www.racgp.org.au/library/freejournals Online medical journals
 http://www.gfmer.ch/Medical_journals/Free_medical.php
Medical
journals
 http://www.forusdocs.com/Free_Resources/Free_Medical_Journals.htm
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/ PubMed Central Journals
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Search Engines
When you use a search engine to search the web, you are searching only
the web pages and web objects
Why use a search engine, as opposed to a directory?
• Size: when you use a search engine, you are searching through billions
of web pages.
• Searching for Specific Information: If you are looking for very specific
or complex information, try a search engine..
• Caution: There is no guarantee that information found on the web is
credible or reliable. Critically evaluate any information you use for
academic assignments - especially information found on the web.
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Examples of Web Search Engines
• Google
• Yahoo
• Clusty
• MSN
• AltaVista
• Alltheweb
• LawCrawler
o Ask
Use searchenginewatch.com to keep up with the latest developments in web
searching
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Examples of Web Search Engines
All the Web, All the Time
Alta Vista
Ask Jeeves
http://www.alltheweb.com
http://www.altavista.com
http://www.askjeeves.com
Ask Jeeves for Kids
http://www.ajkids.com
Ask Jeeves for Teachers
http://www.ajkids.com
Go.Com
http://www.go.com/dynamic/Portal
GoTo.Com
http://www.goto.com
Excite
http://www.excite.com
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GOOGLE
SERVICES
(i) Google maps
(ii) Google translate – translation to several languages
(iii) Google earth – download the application
(iv) Google plus – social chat network
(v) Google images – database of images
(vi) Google voice (vii) Google documents
(viii) Google scholar - articles
(ix) Google chrome - browser
(x) Google news – current information
(xi) Google books – preview of books
(xii) Google reader
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Subject Specific Search Engines
 ACCOUNTING
http://www.taxsites.com/
 AGRICULTURE:
http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/ AgEcon
http://www.agnic.org/search/ AgNic
http://www.agview.com/ Agview1
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Subject Specific Search Engines
 BIOLOGY
http://www.biolinks.net.ru/ Bioexplorer
http://us.expasy.org/BioHunt/ ExPASy
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gquery/gquery.fcgi Entrez
 BOTANY
http://www.botany.net/IDB/ IDB
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Subject Specific Search Engines
 CIVIL ENGINEERING
http://www.icivilengineer.com/
 CLASSICS
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/ Perseus Digital Library
 COMPUTER SCIENCE
http://drdobbs.com/ DevSearcher
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Subject Specific Search Engines
 BUSINESS
http://www.bpubs.com/ BPubs
http://www.business.com/ Business
http://www.entrepreneurship.org/ EntreWorld
 CHEMISTRY
http://www.cambridgesoft.com/databases/login/?serviceid=128
http://www.chemdex.org/search/results/taxonomy%3A344
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Subject Specific Search Engines
 ECONOMICS
http://ese.rfe.org/
http://www.helsinki.fi/WebEc/EconVLib.html
 EDUCATION
http://www.lessonplanet.com/ Education planet
http://www.lessonplanet.com/ Education world
 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
http://www.envirolink.org/ EnviroLink
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Subject Specific Search Engines
 FOOD STUDIES
http://www.foodsafety.gov/ FoodSafety
 GEOLOGY
http://www.geo-guide.de/ Geo-Guide
http://www.geoindex.com/geoindex/ Geoindex
http://www.searchgeo.com/ Search Geo
http://www.usgs.gov/ USGS
 GEOGRAPHY
http://www.geo-guide.de/ GeoGuide
http://www.arcgis.com/home/ ArcGIS
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Subject Specific Search Engines
HEALTH
HON
http://www.hon.ch/HONsearch/Patients/medhunt.html
LANGUAGE/COUNTRIES
http://www.arab.de/asearch.htm Arabic
http://www.netmasters.co.uk/european_search_engines/
European
http://www.ilovelanguages.com/ ilovelanguages
http://www.searchenginecolossus.com/ Colosus
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Subject Specific Search Engines
 HUMANITIES
http://vos.ucsb.edu/index.asp Voice of Shuttle
 KINERSIOLOGY
http://www.sirc.ca/ SIRC
 LAW
http://www.findlaw.com/ FindLaw
http://lawcrawler.findlaw.com/ Lawcrawler
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Subject Specific Search Engines
 LITERATURE
http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Lit/
Literary Resources on the Net
 MATHEMATICS
http://mathforum.org/library/topics/probstat/ Drexel
http://www.math.fsu.edu/Virtual/ Mathematics WWW Virtual
Library
http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/ StatLib
http://www.mathacademy.com/pr/links/index.asp LINKS
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Subject Specific Search Engines
MEDICINE
http://www.hon.ch/HONsearch/Patients/medhunt.html HON
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/ NLM
http://www.webmd.com/ WebMD
PHYSICS
http://physicsworld.com/ physicsworld
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Subject Specific Search Engines
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
http://www.politicalinformation.com/ Political Information
SCIENCE
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/ CiteSeer
http://www.scicentral.com/ SciCentral
http://www.science.gov/ Science.Gov
http://www.science.gov/ SciNet
http://www.scirus.com/srsapp/ SCIRUS
http://www.scitopia.org/scitopia/ Scitopia
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Subject Specific Search Engines
 SOCIAL SCIENCES
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue2/sosig
sosig
 SOCIAL WORK
http://www.socialworksearch.com/ Social Work Search
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Meta-Search Engine
Submit query to multiple, full-text search engines
Query results from all search engines is compiled into one list
When to Use a Meta Search Engine
With keywords that are extremely hard-to-find
Locating a large number of related sites
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Examples of Meta-Search Engines
Dogpile
(Uses 11 different engines)
Metacrawler: (Uses 10 major engines)
ProFusion: (Uses 9 engines)
http://www.dogpile.com
http://www.metacrawler.com
http://www.profusion.com
SavvySearch: (combines web engines with other search tools)
http://www.search.com
All in One Search Page
http://www.allonesearch.com
Four in One Search Engine (simultaneously searches Yahoo!, Alta Vista, Lycos &
Web Crawler)
http://www.all4one.com
EZ-Find at The River (searches one of 15 engines at a time)
http://info.theriver.com/TheRiver/ezfind.htm
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Formulating Queries
1 Identify your concepts
Break down your topic into its component concepts.
2. List keywords for each concept
List keywords which describe each concept. Some concepts may have
only one keyword, while others may have many.
3. Specify the logical relationships among your keywords
Boolean logic allows you to specify the relationships among search
terms by using any of three logical operators: AND, OR, NOT.
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OR Operator
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AND Operator
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Tips on Conducting Searching
•Read the directions at each search site.
•The technique for formulating a search depends on the search engine
you are using.
•There is a wide variety of options available among the different search
engines
•If you have a multi-term search, be sure to determine which type of
Boolean logic you should use.
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Tips on Conducting Searching
For example a search query
Use of Balanced Scorecard in Higher Education (exclude
use in industry) may be formulated as
Balanced Scorecard +((Higher education OR Universit*) NOT
(Industr*))
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Tips on Conducting Searching
-Include synonyms or alternate spellings in your search statements and
connect these terms with OR logic.
-Check your spelling
-Take advantage of capitalization if the search engine is case sensitive
-Try different sources to diversify your results. Sources can include other
search engines and large directories
-Experiment with different search engines. No two search engines work
from the same index.
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Too many results or non-relelevant results
•Go to Field search
•Add concept words to your original search.
•Use vocabulary that is specific to your topic; avoid words with large
concepts unless you intend to field search.
•Link appropriate terms with the Boolean AND ( + ) so that each term is
required to appear in the record. While many search engines do not
require this, it doesn't hurt to be on the safe side.
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Too Few Results
Drop off the least important concept(s) to broaden your subject
Use more general vocabulary
Add alternate terms or spellings for individual concepts and connect with
the Boolean OR
Try the option available on some engines to find similar or related
documents to one or more of your relevant hits.
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Information Sources-
Primary Sources
-Such as Journals, Theses, Patents, standards etc.
Secondary Sources
- Such as Books, Encyclopaedia, Handbooks, Abstracts,
Indexes etc.
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Starting your search from Library Sources
Always start from a secondary sources
From Encyclopedia to gain broad knowledge
From abstracting/indexing sources such as Ebsco , ABI
Inform , Inspec, etc go the primary sources
Citation Indexes such as Web of Science (Science Citation
Index) OR Scopus could be better choice
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What if you don’t find anything?
 use search engine tools to broaden search
 use a different search engine
 identify databases or other sources of non-static pages
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Search Engines different facilities
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Advance Search
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Google “Advanced Search Tips” Page
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Personalizing your Google Searching
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Google Scholar
peer-reviewed papers
• theses
• books
• preprints
• abstracts
• technical reports
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Google Scholar
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Language Tools
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Language Tools
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Language Tools
http://www.boeckler.de/cps/rde/xchg/SID-3D0
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Language Tools
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Wikis
• free web based collaborative pages as easy as word processing
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Youtube
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dnL00TdmLY&feature=user
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Citing Your Sources (Very important)
 Citing your sources means telling people where you got your information.
Just as you list books and encyclopedias in your bibliography, you must
also include the sources of information you got from the Internet.
 Citing your sources is important because it shows others how to find
the same information you found.
 To cite a source on the Internet, you need to have a written record of
the following information for each website that you actually use in your
report or essay:
 The name of the site and the author (Who made the website? A
company? An organization? An individual?)
 What day you found the information
 The web address or URL
 The copyright date for the website (usually found at the bottom of
the homepage)
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Citing Your Sources
 Use the format below to add Internet resources to a bibliography:
 Author. Title of Website. Web address or URL. Copyright date. Date
you found the information.
 For example, look at the following website on Vasco da Gama and
compare it to the information below.
(http://library.thinkquest.org/4034/dagama.html)
 Author: There is no specific author listed
 Title: ThinkQuest: Explorers of the Millennium
 Web address: http://library.thinkquest.org/4034/dagama.html
 Copyright date: 1998 (this is found by clicking on “About this Site”
 Date found: April 30, 2006
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Citing Your Sources
Using this information:





Author: There is no specific author listed
Title: ThinkQuest: Explorers of the Millennium
Web address: http://library.thinkquest.org/4034/dagama.html
Copyright date: 1998 (this is found by clicking on “About this Site”
Date found: April 30, 2006
a bibliographical citation for this website would look like this:
ThinkQuest: Explorers of the Millennium.
http://library.thinkquest.org/4034/dagama.html. 1998. Found on April 30, 2006.
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Thanks for your attention
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