Transcript 9781111543709 _PPT_ch04

Guide to Parallel Operating
Systems with
Windows 7 and Linux
Chapter 4
Installing and Configuring Applications
Objectives
• Access Help information
• Use and configure a Web browser
• Install the ActiveState Perl application and test the
installation with a test script
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Accessing the Help Features
• Windows 7 and Fedora 13 have GUI help
• Query OS help resources when a problem occurs
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Using the Help and Support Center in
Windows 7
• Help and Support resource
– Used for practical advice, tutorials, and
demonstrations
– To open: click Start, then click Help and Support
– Search function locates a topic by keyword
• System information
– Provides summary information for your computer
– Can confirm system configuration
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Using the Help and Support Center in
Windows 7 (continued)
Figure 4-3 System Information tool
Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning
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Using the Help and Support Center in
Windows 7 (continued)
Figure 4-4 Hardware Resources showing Conflicts/Sharing
Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning
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Using the Help and Support Center in
Windows 7 (continued)
• Hardware resources
– Find information to help resolve a hardware resource
problem
– Click the + icon to expand
• Components
– Provide a detailed list of information about hardware
components on your system
• Software environment
– Provides details about your operating system and
applications
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Using the Help and Support Center in
Windows 7 (continued)
Figure 4-6 Information about running tasks displayed in System Information tool
Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning
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Using the Fedora 13 Help Center and
System Information
• To access the Fedora 13 Help Center:
– Click System, then Help
– Select the link for the information you need
• Fedora 13:
– Provides a System Information tool similar to the one
in Windows 7
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Using and Configuring Web Browsers
• Web browser:
– Software program used to access and navigate the
Web
– Provides tools that allow you to travel from Web site
to Web site
• NCSA Mosaic:
– Developed at the National Center for
Supercomputing Applications
– First widely used browser
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Browsing the Web with Internet
Explorer
•
•
•
•
•
Uniform Resource Locator (URL): Internet address
Enter URL in address bar to load Web page
Hyperlink: transfers you to a different URL
Tabs: permit display of more than one Web page
Buttons that guide you through cyberspace:
– Search: locates information in cyberspace
– Favorites: lets you return quickly to favorite sites
• Portal sites: links to a variety of information
– Examples: www.yahoo.com and www.msn.com
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Figure 4-9 Internet Explorer Bing search engine
Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning
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Browsing the Web with Firefox in
Fedora 13
• Firefox browser similar to Internet Explorer
• Enter URL in the address bar to load a Web page
• Hyperlinks: usually underlined or displayed in a
different color
• Options for accessing Web sites:
– Web Search options in the Tools menu
– Bookmarks menu: stores frequently used URLs
– History menu: used to access history of visited Web
sites
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Browsing the Web with Firefox in
Fedora 13 (continued)
Figure 4-10 Firefox browser with navigation toolbar
Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning
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Searching the Web With Internet
Explorer
•
•
•
•
Web directory: like a subject catalog
Search engine: information retrieval tool
Bot: search engine tool that follows hyperlinks
Search engine ranking algorithms:
– Criteria: relevance to query, popularity, penalties
• Some useful searching tips:
– Use specific words to describe objects
– Use “+” to include keywords, “-” to exclude keywords
– Use logical AND to join terms, AND NOT to exclude
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Searching the Web with Firefox
• Search engines are resident on the Internet
• Search process similar to that of Internet Explorer:
– Boolean syntax and phrasing are the same
• Access the search function from Firefox:
– Click Web Search from the Tools menu or
– Enter a search engine’s URL in the address bar
– Perform a search from the Firefox home page
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Configuring Internet Explorer
• Some configurations changes you can make:
– Reset the home page
– Delete temporary Internet files
• Configuring safety settings
– InPrivate Browsing: helps protect data and privacy
– SmartScreen Filter: helps you avoid malware sites
– Malware (malicious software):
• Designed to infiltrate a computer system without the
owner’s informed consent
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Figure 4-11 Selecting InPrivate Browsing
Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning
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Figure 4-12 Internet Options dialog box
Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage
Learning
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General Settings
• Items that can be customized:
– Home page: appears when Internet Explorer is
opened
– History: lists pages visited in previous days and
weeks
• List appears below address toolbar as you type a URL
– Search: Manages add-ons to personalize the
selection of search engines
– Tabs: change how Web pages are displayed in tabs
– Appearance: modifies appearance of Internet
Explorer
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Security Zones
• Used to set security levels for groups of Web sites
• Zones in the Security tab:
– Internet zone: default site grouping; set to Medium
– Local intranet zone: intranet site grouping
• Sites in this zone should also be inside firewall
– Trusted sites zone: trusted site grouping; set to Low
– Restricted sites zone: distrusted site grouping; set High
• Typical security architecture:
– Local intranet zone resides behind the firewall
– Other three zones lie outside the firewall
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Security Zones (continued)
Figure 4-14 Security zones and a firewall
Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning
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Customizing Security Settings
• Click Custom Level to open Security Settings dialog
• Five security options in Security Settings dialog box:
– .NET Framework: configures behavior of applications
– ActiveX controls and plug-ins:
• Approve, download, run scripts with ActiveX controls
– Downloads: specify if files or fonts can be
downloaded
– Scripting: specify whether you can download scripts
– User authentication: specify method for site logon
• Internet Explorer can validate digital signatures
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Customizing Security Settings
(continued)
Figure 4-15 Custom Security
Settings dialog box
Courtesy Technology/Cengage
Learning
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Adjusting Security Levels
• When online:
– Preserving security is a balancing act
• Greater exposure if:
– You are open to software downloads
• The more restrictive your settings:
– The less usable and useful the Web becomes
• Move security slider:
– To adjust security for each zone
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Setting Up Privacy on the Web
• Set your privacy level for the Internet zone:
– By default, this level is set to Medium
• Import custom settings from a preferences file
• Customize advanced settings that:
– Override cookie handling for selected privacy level
• Customize privacy settings for individual Web sites:
– Example: manage cookies differently by Web site
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Figure 4-16 Privacy tab in Internet
Options dialog box
Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage
Learning
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Configuring Privacy Preferences in
Internet Explorer
• Use privacy features to set up a secure
environment
• Two types of cookies are saved on your computer:
– Session cookies: deleted when the browser is closed
– Persistent cookies: deleted at expiration date
• Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P):
– Controls how personal data is used by Web sites
– Enables sites to provide cookie policy information
• Move slider to set privacy to one of six levels:
– Range: Block All Cookies to Accept All Cookies
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Importing Custom Privacy Settings
• Standardizing the privacy settings of all users:
– Click the Import button in the Privacy tab
– Import custom privacy settings from a file
• Sources of customized privacy files:
– Privacy organizations
– Other privacy-related Web sites on the Internet
• Goal: block access to questionable Web sites
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Advanced Privacy Settings
• Override cookie handling for sites in Internet zone
• Check “Always allow session cookies” box:
– Session cookies enable smooth navigation
– Session cookies are destroyed after browser closed
• Ways to handle cookies after setting privacy:
– Block first-party cookies:
• First-party cookie: stored by server from same domain
– Block third-party cookies:
• Cookies stored by server in another domain
– Allow all cookies to be stored without notification
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Controlling Pop-ups on the Web
• Internet Explorer 8:
– Comes with its own pop-up blocker
– You can modify some settings
• Tasks from Pop-up Blocker Settings dialog box:
– Allow pop-ups from selected sites
– Set notifications when a pop-up is blocked
– Choose between three blocking levels:
• High: Block all pop-ups
• Medium: Block most automatic pop-ups
• Low: Allow pop-ups from secure sites.
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Handling Web Content in Internet
Explorer
• Web content preferences that can be configured:
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Parental controls of Web activity
Settings to block objectionable Web sites
Settings that establish the identity of other parties
Controls for the transmission of personal information
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Setting Parental Controls
• Regulating Web browsing can:
– Prevent viewing and accessing dangerous content
– Prevent you from making judgment calls about
relationships in chat rooms
• Use administrator access:
– To set parental controls
– To control time limits, access to games, etc.
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Setting Parental Controls (continued)
Figure 4-20 Sample parental controls
Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning
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Using the Content Advisor
• Blocks access to sites with objectionable material
• Internet Content Rating Association (ICRA):
– Defines content areas: language, nudity, sex,
violence
– Rates area on scale of 0 to 4 (most to least restrictive)
• How system set up by ICRA works:
– Web authors complete ICRA questionnaires
– ICRA provides HTML code to include on Web sites
– Content Advisor examines code to determine levels of
offensive language, nudity, sex, and violence
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Using the Content Advisor (continued)
Table 4-1 Levels of the Internet Explorer Content Advisor
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Using Certificates
• Digital certificates:
– Identify certificate owner by public and private keys
– Used for user authentication and secure
communication
– Exchanged in secure transmission (encryption used)
• Encrypting and decrypting messages:
– Plain text message encrypted with the public key
– Encrypted message is transferred over the Internet
– Cipher text message is decrypted with the private key
• Certification Authority (CA):
– Issues, authenticates, and manages certificates
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Using Certificates (continued)
Figure 4-22 Using public and private keys
Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning
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Controlling the Completion of Data on
Web pages
• From the AutoComplete area of the Content tab:
– You can modify the AutoComplete settings for Web
addresses and forms
– You can also periodically clear your History folder
– By deselecting the Forms check box, you can clear
your History folder
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Configuring Feeds and Web Slices
• Web Slice:
– Allows you to see weather forecasts and other
updates immediately
– Web feed technology introduced in Internet Explorer
– You can subscribe to certain portions of a Web page
– You can preview Web Slices
– Feed and Web Slice Settings dialog box:
• Allows you to control slices by making selections
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Using the Connections Tab
• Use the Connections tab to:
– Set up an Internet connection and configure LAN
settings
• Click the LAN settings button to:
– Specify LAN connection settings for Internet
Explorer
• If Internet Explorer is automatically customized the
first time it is started may reduce:
– Administrative overhead
– Help Desk calls about browser settings
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Using the Programs Tab
• You can specify which programs Windows uses for
Internet services
• If you check “Tell me if Internet Explorer is not the
default Web browser:”
– Internet Explorer verifies that it is the default browser
– If it is not, you are asked if you want to make Internet
Explorer the default browser
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Using the Advanced Tab
• From the Advanced tab of the Internet Options
dialog box:
– You can configure options for:
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•
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Accessibility
Browsing
HTTP
Multimedia
Printing
Security
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Configuring the Firefox Browser
• Customize Firefox according to your preferences
• Firefox opens to its own default home page:
– Location: file:///usr/share/doc/HTML/index.html
– You may change the home page to another page
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Customizing Text Size and Toolbars
Using the View Menu
• You can use the View menu to customize:
– Toolbars: show or hide Navigation and Bookmarks
– Status Bar: displays or hides status bar
– Sidebar:
• Displays or hides sidebars on left side of browser
– Text Size: increases or decreases default text size
– Page Source: displays the HTML code
– Full Screen: makes the Web fill the entire screen
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Customizing General Settings in
Firefox
• General settings options:
– Startup section:
• Specifies whether to show the home page or a blank
page
• Downloads section specifies:
– Whether to show the Downloads window when
downloading a file
– Where to save downloaded files
– Whether user should choose download destination.
• Add-ons section: changes preferences
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Figure 4-28 Customizing general
settings in Firefox
Courtesy Course
Technology/Cengage Learning
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Protecting Your Privacy in Firefox
• Accessing Privacy options:
– Click the Edit menu
– Click Preferences
– Click the Privacy icon
• Privacy settings:
– History: number of days to save visited URLs
– Cookies: allow or prohibit cookies
• If you choose “Use custom settings for history:”
– You can prohibit all cookies or allow cookies for
certain Web sites by clicking the Exceptions button
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Customizing Content in Firefox
• Open Web Features option to set behavior rules:
– Click the Edit menu
– Click Preferences
– Click the Content icon
• Items to configure:
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Block popup windows: prohibit or allow popups
Load images automatically: view graphics by default
Enable JavaScript: you must click this check box
Fonts & Colors: used to assign special colors/fonts
Languages: used to set the default language
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Figure 4-31 Customizing
content in Firefox
Courtesy Course
Technology/Cengage Learning
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Setting Security Features in Firefox
• To set options:
– Click Edit menu
– Click Preferences
– Click Security icon
• To have Firefox prompt you to save passwords:
– Check “Remember passwords for sites”
• To set a master password:
– Click the Change Master Password button
• To view saved passwords:
– Click the Saved Passwords button
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Choosing Advanced Options in Firefox
• Advanced options: navigation and security features
• Opening the Advanced option:
– Click the Edit menu, then click Preferences
– Click the Advanced icon
• Advanced options:
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–
–
–
Accessibility: improve the accessibility of Firefox
Browsing: user-friendly options; e.g., spell checking
Tabbed Browsing: use tabs to help browsing
System Defaults: is Firefox the default browser?
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Choosing Advanced Options in Firefox
(continued)
• Network tab has two sections:
– Connection: configures how Firefox connects to the
Internet
– Offline Storage: set the size for the cache space and
offline data storage
• Encryption tab displays two sections:
– Protocols: set various security protocol options
– Certificates:
• Manage certificate information, identity authentication,
and security devices
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Installing an Application
• Prepare PC and complete any preinstallation steps
– Example: create the required directories
• Uncompress the application
– Applications are compressed to reduce setup file
size
• Run the setup or installation program
– Place the program modules in the proper directories
– Prepare the program modules for use
• Configure the program
• Clean up and remove unnecessary files
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Installing ActiveState Perl
in Windows 7
• The ActiveState Perl installation file for Windows 7:
– Actually a group of files stored together in a
compressed file format
• Download the installation file
• Installer:
– Extracts the individual files to a temporary folder
– Runs the setup program
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Installing ActiveState Perl in Fedora 13
• Applications available in Windows 7 and Linux:
– Installation routines can vary depending on which
OS you use
• Windows:
– Download the installation files from a Web site
• Fedora 13:
– Has different installation options
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Summary
• To obtain Help information:
– Use the Help and Support Center in Windows 7 and
the Help Center in Fedora 13
• Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox
– Browsers that offer access to the Internet
• ActiveState Perl:
– One of the many applications you can install in both
the Windows 7 and Linux operating systems
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