Transcript Internet.T01

Tutorial 1
Browser Basics
Objectives
XP
• Learn about the Internet and the World Wide
Web
• Learn how Web browser software displays Web
pages
• Learn how Web page addresses are
constructed
• Become familiar with Web browsers and the
main functions found in this type of software
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Objectives
XP
• Configure and use the Microsoft Internet
Explorer Web browser to navigate the Web
• Save and organize Web addresses using
Internet Explorer
• Save Web page text and graphics using
Internet Explorer
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Objectives
XP
• Configure and use the Mozilla Firefox Web
browser to navigate the Web
• Save and organize Web addresses using
Mozilla Firefox
• Save Web page text and graphics using
Mozilla Firefox
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The Internet
XP
• Computers connected to each other form a
network
• LAN (local area network): networked computers
physically near each other
• WAN (wide area network): networked
computers not near each other
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The Internet
XP
• Interconnected network: networks connected to
each other
• Internet: a specific interconnected network that
connects computers all over the world using a
common set of interconnection standards
• World Wide Web (WWW): subset of the
computers on the Internet that use software to
make their contents easily accessible to each
other
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The World Wide Web
XP
• Web servers: computers connected to the
Internet that contain files their owners have
made available publicly through their Internet
connections
• When you use your Internet connection to
become part of the Web, your computer
becomes a Web client in a worldwide
client/server network
• Web browser: software that you run on your
computer to make it work as a Web client
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Client/Server Structure of the
World Wide Web
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Hypertext, Links, and Hypermedia
XP
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): standard
language used on the Web to format documents
• HTML uses codes (tags) to tell the Web browser
software how to display text
• HTML document: text file that contains HTML
tags
• When a Web browser displays an HTML
document, it is referred to as a Web page
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Hypertext, Links, and Hypermedia
XP
• HTML anchor tag: enables Web designers to link
HTML documents to each other
• Hypertext links: can connect HTML documents
together; can also connect one part of HTML
document to another part
• Hypermedia links: hyperlinks that connect to
computer files that contain pictures, graphics,
and media objects such as sound and video clips
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Hypertext, Links, and Hypermedia
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Web Site Organization
XP
• Web site: collection of linked Web pages with a
common theme or focus
• Home page
– Main page for a particular Web site
– First page that opens when you start your Web
browser; sometimes called start page
– Web page that a Web browser loads the first time
you use it; also sometimes called start page
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Addresses on the Web
XP
• Internet Protocol Address (IP): unique id number
given to each computer on the Web
• Domain name: unique name associated with specific
IP address by a program that runs on an Internet host
computer
• Domain Name Software (DNS): coordinates IP
addresses and domain names for all computers
attached to it
• Domain name server: the host computer that runs
DNS software
• The last part of domain name is called its top-level
domain (TLD)
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Common Top Level Domains (TLDs)
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Uniform Resource Locators
XP
• Four-part addressing scheme tells the Web
browser:
– Transfer protocol to use when transporting the
file
– Domain name of computer on which file resides
– Pathname of folder or directory on computer on
which file resides
– Name of the file
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Uniform Resource Locators
XP
Structure of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
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Main Elements of Web Browsers
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Title Bar
Scroll Bars
Status Bar
Menu Bar
Page Tab
Home Button
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Main Elements of the
Internet Explorer Program Window
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Main Elements of the
Firefox Program Window
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Finding Information on the Web Using
Search Engines & Web Directories
XP
• Web Search Engines: Web pages that conduct
searches of the Web to find words or expressions
you enter
• Web Directory: Web page that contains a list of
Web page categories like education or recreation
– Can narrow the results returned for a particular
search
• Web directory editors categorize the Web pages
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Returning to Web Pages
Previously Visited
XP
• Using favorites and bookmarks
– Internet Explorer - save the URL of a site you would like to
revisit as a favorite in the Favorites folder
– Firefox - use a bookmark to save the URL of a specific page so
you can return to it
• Using the History List
– Back button
– Forward button
• Using Tabs
– Page tabs can be used to quickly navigate among open pages
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Reloading a Web Page and
Stopping a Web Page Transfer
XP
• The browser stores a copy of every Web page it
displays on your computer’s hard drive in a
cache folder
• Use the Refresh button in IE or the Reload
button in Firefox to load the same Web page
that appears in the browser window again
• Use the Stop button to halt the Web page
transfer from the server
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Cookies
XP
• Cookie
– Small file that a Web server writes to the disk
of the client computer
– Can contain information about the user such
as login names and passwords
– Assists in performing functions such as
automatic login
– User is often unaware that the files are being
written to the computer’s disk drive
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Printing and Saving Web Pages
XP
• You can use a Web browser to print a Web page
• You can save copies of most Web pages as files
that you can store on your computer’s hard disk,
or other storage medium
• Some Web pages are written to make copying
and saving difficult
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Other Web Browser Choices
XP
• Other Internet browsers began to make a dent in
Microsoft’s dominant position in 2004
• Security flaws in Internet Explorer were
increasingly exploited by virus and worm writers
• Organizations and individuals began to doubt
reliability of a single browser
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Mozilla Project
XP
• Mosaic
– One of the first Web browsers
– Developed in 1990s
• Netscape Navigator
– First commercially successful Web browser
– Created by Mosaic developers
– Originally called “Mozilla,” short for “Mosaic killer”
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Mozilla Project
XP
• Mozilla project
– Started in 1999 after Netscape Navigator was turned
over to a non-profit organization
– They rebuilt the browser rendering engine (the
internal workings of the browser)
• Gecko engine: browser rendering engine used in
Netscape Navigator, the Mozilla browser and
Mozilla Firefox
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Mozilla Suite
XP
• Combination of software applications developed by the
Mozilla open source project
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Gecko engine
E-mail client
Newsgroup client
HTML editor
Instant messaging chat client
• Development continues today as the SeaMonkey
Project
• Time Warner’s AOL division distributes most of the
Mozilla Suite as Netscape Navigator
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Opera
XP
• Started out as research project at Telenor,
Norway’s state telecommunication company
• Program code written independently and is not
affected by security flaws exploited by those
attacking Gecko-based browsers or IE
• Free version available supported by advertising
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Opera
XP
• First Web browser to offer:
– Tabbed browsing
– Button to toggle on and off the download of images
with a Web page
– Search window that the user could configure to run
searches in specific search engines automatically
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Opera
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Browsers for Hire: iRider
XP
• Internet Explorer, Firefox, SeaMonkey, and
Opera are all available at no cost
• Some browsers, such as Opera and iRider,
charge a license fee
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iRider
XP
• Designed for power users
• Can view thumbnail images of multiple open
Web pages displayed in a hierarchical map
called a Page List
• Keeps all open Web pages in memory until
the user deletes them
• User can run several searches simultaneously
and compare the results
• Users can select multiple links on a page and
iRider downloads the pages simultaneously
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iRider
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Reproducing Web Pages and
Copyright Law
XP
• Copyright: legal right of the author or other owner
of an original work to control reproduction,
distribution and sale of that work
• Laws govern the use of photocopies, audio or video
recordings, and other reproductions of authors’
original work
• Comes into existence as soon as the work is placed
into tangible form
• Exists even if the work does not contain a copyright
notice
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Reproducing Web Pages and
Copyright Law
XP
• Fair use is a provision that allows students to use
limited amounts of copyrighted information in
term papers and other reports in an academic
setting
• Source must always be cited
• Commercial use of copyright more restricted
• Obtain permission from copyright holder before
using anything you copy from a Web page
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Starting Microsoft Internet Explorer XP
• Click Start button on the taskbar, point to All Programs, click
Internet Explorer
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Starting Microsoft Internet Explorer XP
• The status bar at the
bottom of the window
includes several panels
that give you information
about Internet Explorer’s
operations
– Transfer progress report and
graphical transfer progress
indicator
– Security settings
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Entering a URL in the
Address Bar (IE)
XP
• Click at end of current text in the Address bar,
then delete any unnecessary or unwanted text
from the displayed URL
• Type the URL of the location that you want to go
• Press the Enter key to load the URL’s Web page
in the browser window
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Navigating Web Pages Using the Mouse XP
• The easiest way to move from one Web page to
another is to use the mouse to click hyperlinks:
– Click the hyperlink
– After the new Web page has loaded, right-click
the Web page’s background
– Click Back on the shortcut menu
Creating a Favorite for a Web Site
XP
• The Favorites Center lets you store and organize
a list of Web pages that you have visited so you
can return to them easily
• You can create folders to store your favorites in
• You can easily organize your folders in a
hierarchical structure even after you have stored
them
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Creating a Favorite for a Web Site
XP
• Creating a New Favorites Folder:
– Open the Web page in Internet Explorer
– Click the Add to Favorites button, then click Add to Favorites
– Type the title you would like to use for this Favorite in the
Name text box (most Web pages will place text that describes
the page in the Name text box; you can edit or replace that
text)
– Click the New Folder button
– Type the name of the new folder in the Folder name text box,
and then click the Create button
– Click the Add button
Creating a Favorite for a Web Site
XP
• Move an Existing Favorite into a New Folder:
– Click the Favorites Center button
– Right-click the folder in which you want to add the
new folder and click the Create New Folder
command to display a new folder in the Favorites
Center window
– Type the name of the new folder, and then press the
Enter key
– Drag the favorite that you want to move into the new
folder
Changing the Default Home Page in
Internet Explorer
XP
• Click the Tools button on the Command toolbar, and then click
Internet Options
• Click the General tab in the Internet Options dialog box
• Select whether you want Internet Explorer to open with the
current page, its default page, or a blank page by clicking the
corresponding button in the Home page section of the Internet
Options dialog box
• To specify a home page, type the URL of that Web page in the
Home page list box. If you want multiple Home pages to open on
separate tabs, type the URL for each home page on separate lines
in the Home Page list box
• Click the OK button
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Using Page Tabs to Navigate in
Internet Explorer
XP
• Open pages by right-clicking hyperlinks and
selecting Open in New Tab on the shortcut menu
• Click the page tabs to move among open Web
pages
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Printing a Web Page (IE)
XP
• Click the Print button on the Command bar, and then click Print
to print the current Web page with the default print settings
Or
• Click the Print Button arrow on the Command bar, and then click
Print to open the Print dialog box
• In the Print dialog box, select the printer you want to use, and
then indicate the pages you want to print and the number of
copies you want to make of each page
• To print a range of pages, click the Pages option button, then type
the first page of the range, type a hyphen, and then type the last
page of the range
• Click the Print button
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Checking Web Page Security (IE)
XP
• Encryption is a way of scrambling and encoding
data transmissions that reduces the risk that a
person who intercepts the Web page as it travels
across the Internet will be able to decode and
read the page’s contents
• A certification authority is a company that
attests to a Web site’s legitimacy
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Getting Help in Internet Explorer
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Using Internet Explorer to
Save a Web Page
XP
• You can save entire Web pages, selected
portions of Web page text, or particular graphics
from a Web page to a disk
• You can save portions of Web page text so you
can use it in other programs
• You can save a graphic from a Web page by
right-clicking on the picture and clicking Save
Picture As
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Starting Mozilla Firefox
XP
• Click Start button on the taskbar, point to All
Programs, point to Mozilla, and then click
Firefox
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XP
Using the Navigation Toolbar (Firefox)
• The Navigation toolbar includes buttons that
execute frequently used commands for browsing
the Web
• You can use the Location bar to enter URLs
directly into Firefox
• The Navigation toolbar has a search bar that
allows users to type a search term that Firefox
sends to the user’s choice of search engines and
Web directories
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XP
Using the Navigation Toolbar (Firefox)
Firefox Navigation Toolbar
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Using the Location Bar (Firefox)
XP
• Click at end of current text in the Location field,
then delete any unnecessary or unwanted text
from the displayed URL
• Type the URL of the location that you want to go
• Press the Enter key to load the URL’s Web page
in the browser window
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Hyperlink Navigation Using the Mouse
(Firefox)
• The easiest way to move from one Web page to
another is to use the mouse to click hyperlinks:
– Click the hyperlink
– After the new Web page has loaded, right-click the
Web page’s background
– Click Back on the shortcut menu
XP
Creating a Bookmark for a Web Site XP
• You use the bookmark feature to store and
organize a list of Web pages that you have
visited so that you can return to them easily
• You can create folders to store your bookmarks
• You can easily organize your folders in a
hierarchical structure
• You can save your bookmark file on a disk so
you can use your bookmarks at another
computer
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Creating a Bookmark for a Web Site XP
• Creating a Bookmarks Folder:
– Click Bookmarks on the menu bar, and then click
Organize Bookmarks
– If the Bookmarks entry in the left pane of the
Bookmarks Manager window is not highlighted, click
it, and then click the New Folder button
– Delete the default text in the Name text box, and
then type a new folder name
– Click the OK button
Creating a Bookmark for a Web Site XP
• Saving a Bookmark in a Bookmarks Folder:
– Open the page that you want to bookmark in Firefox
– Click Bookmarks on the menu bar, and then click
Bookmark This Page
– Type a descriptive name in the Name box (or leave
the default name for the page as is)
– Select the folder in which you want to save the
bookmark
– Click the OK button
Creating a Bookmark for a Web Site XP
• Saving a Bookmark File to a Disk:
– Click Bookmarks on the menu bar, and then click
Organize Bookmarks
– Click File on the menu bar, and then click Export
– Select the drive and folder into which you want to
save the bookmark file
– Type a name for the bookmark file
– Click the Save button
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Printing a Web Page (Firefox)
XP
• The Print command on the File menu lets you
print the current Web frame or page
• Scale option is extremely useful for saving paper
when printing long Web pages
• To preview pages before printing them Select Print
Preview from the File menu
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Managing Cookies (Firefox)
XP
• Click Tools on the menu bar, and then click Options to open the
Options dialog box
• Click the Privacy icon to display options for managing privacy
issues, and then click the Show Cookies button to open the
Cookies dialog box
• Select a Web site folder, and click the plus sign to the left of the
folder You can then click one of the cookies placed on your
computer by that Web site and read the information about that
cookie. The cookie information is displayed in the bottom half of
the dialog box
• Select the cookie that you want to delete, and then click the
Remove Cookie button
• Click the OK button
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Getting Help in Firefox
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Using Firefox to Save a Web Page
XP
• You can store entire Web pages, selected
portions of Web page text, or particular graphics
from a Web page to a disk
• You can save portions of Web page text so you
can use it in other programs
• You can save a graphic from a Web page by
right-clicking on the picture and clicking Save
Image As
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Summary
XP
• Web pages and Web sites make up the World
Wide Web
• Web uses a client/server structure in which Web
server computers make Web page files available
to Web client computers that are running Web
browser software
• Each server computer on the Internet has an IP
address that is mapped to a domain name
• Domain name plus the Web page filename make
up the Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
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Summary
XP
• All Web browsers have the same basic elements
and can be used to explore the Web in similar
ways
• Web browsers display Web pages and maintain a
history list that can be used to find pages
previously visited
• Web browsers allow users to print and save Web
pages and elements of Web pages
• Web browsers are currently available at no or
low cost
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Summary
XP
• The two most widely used Web browsers are:
– Internet Explorer
– Firefox
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