Transcript Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28

Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
The celestial sphere model of the stars assumes that the
stars are
A.
B.
C.
D.
at widely spaced distances from Earth.
at the same distance from Earth.
stationary, with motion actually being that of the Earth.
rotating in a north–south direction.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
The celestial sphere model of the stars assumes that the
stars are
A.
B.
C.
D.
at widely spaced distances from Earth.
at the same distance from Earth.
stationary, with motion actually being that of the Earth.
rotating in a north–south direction.
Explanation:
Of course, we now know the stars are at great distances apart
from Earth. Early investigators, however, assumed they were part
of a sphere at an equal distance from Earth.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
One light-year is the distance that light travels from the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sun to Earth.
Earth to the Sun.
both of the above.
neither of the above.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
One light-year is the distance that light travels from the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sun to Earth.
Earth to the Sun.
both of the above.
neither of the above.
Explanation:
A light-year is the distance light travels in one year. The distance
between Earth and the Sun is about 8 light-minutes!
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
The total amount of light emitted into space by a star is its
A.
B.
C.
D.
apparent brightness.
luminosity.
both of the above.
neither of the above.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
The total amount of light emitted into space by a star is its
A.
B.
C.
D.
apparent brightness.
luminosity.
both of the above.
neither of the above.
Explanation:
Apparent brightness is the brightness of a star as it appears to our
eyes. Luminosity is the total amount of light emitted by a star.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
Which of these stars has the highest surface temperature?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Red star.
Yellow star.
Blue star.
All of the above are about the same.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
Which of these stars has the highest surface temperature?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Red star.
Yellow star.
Blue star.
All of the above are about the same.
Explanation:
Note the relation   T, where the frequency of radiant energy is
proportional to the absolute temperature of the emitter. Blue light
has a higher frequency than red light and yellow light, and
therefore, blue light is emitted by a hotter star.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
An H-R diagram
A.
B.
C.
D.
lists the known stars.
maps the positions of stars.
is a plot of stars according to size and distance.
is a plot of samples of stars according to surface temperature and
luminosity.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
An H-R diagram
A.
B.
C.
D.
lists the known stars.
maps the positions of stars.
is a plot of stars according to size and distance.
is a plot of samples of stars according to surface
temperature and luminosity.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
In an H-R diagram, the Sun is
A.
B.
B.
D.
an unusual star
an average star.
a low-temperature star.
an especially bright star.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
In an H-R diagram, the Sun is
A.
B.
C.
D.
an unusual star.
an average star.
a low-temperature star.
an especially bright star.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
A red giant is
A.
B.
C.
D.
hotter than the Sun.
hotter and larger than the Sun.
about the same temperature as the Sun.
cooler than the Sun.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
A red giant is
A.
B.
C.
D.
hotter than the Sun.
hotter and larger than the Sun.
about the same temperature as the Sun.
cooler than the Sun.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
Stars known as white dwarfs are
A.
B.
C.
D.
about the size of Earth.
about as massive as the Sun.
dead stars.
all of the above.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
Stars known as white dwarfs are
A.
B.
C.
D.
about the size of Earth.
about as massive as the Sun.
dead stars.
all of the above.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
In its earliest beginnings, the Sun was
A.
B.
C.
D.
an expansive low-density cloud of gas and dust.
a nebula.
both of the above.
none of the above.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
In its earliest beginnings, the Sun was
A.
B.
C.
D.
an expansive low-density cloud of gas and dust.
a nebula.
both of the above.
none of the above.
Explanation:
An expansive low-density cloud of gas and dust is called a
nebula.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
The energy source that powers the Sun is
A.
B.
C.
D.
chemical reactions.
nuclear reactions.
both of the above.
none of the above.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
The energy source that powers the Sun is
A.
B.
C.
D.
chemical reactions.
nuclear reactions.
both of the above.
none of the above.
Explanation:
The Sun is a ball of plasma, much too hot for chemical reactions
to occur.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
The more massive a star, the
A.
B.
C.
D.
shorter its life.
longer its life.
either, for the life of a star isn’t affected by its mass.
greater its density.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
The more massive a star, the
A.
B.
C.
D.
shorter its life.
longer its life.
either, for the life of a star isn’t affected by its mass.
greater its density.
Explanation:
A popular saying in astronomy with regard to stars is that the
bigger they are, the harder they fall.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
The fusion cycle of burning hydrogen in the Sun
A.
B.
C.
D.
is nearly completed.
is about halfway completed.
has already been completed.
has yet to begin.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
The fusion cycle of burning hydrogen in the Sun
A.
B.
C.
D.
is nearly completed.
is about halfway completed.
has already been completed.
has yet to begin.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
Stability of the Sun depends on a balance of two principal
forces. One is the outward radiation pressure
accompanying nuclear fusion. The other is
A.
B.
C.
D.
gravitational forces.
centripetal forces.
centrifugal forces.
other nuclear forces.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
Stability of the Sun depends on a balance of two principal
forces. One is the outward radiation pressure
accompanying nuclear fusion. The other is
A.
B.
C.
D.
gravitational forces.
centripetal forces.
centrifugal forces.
other nuclear forces.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
Low-mass and medium-mass stars eventually become
A.
B.
C.
D.
supergiants.
supernovae.
neutron stars.
white dwarfs.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
Low-mass and medium-mass stars eventually become
A.
B.
C.
D.
supergiants.
supernovae.
neutron stars.
white dwarfs.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
Our Sun will eventually become a
A.
B.
C.
D.
black hole.
supernova.
neutron star.
white dwarf.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
Our Sun will eventually become a
A.
B.
C.
D.
black hole.
supernova.
neutron star.
white dwarf.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
The Sun’s expected life cycle is about
A.
B.
C.
D.
7000 years.
100,000 years.
5 billion years.
10 billion years.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
The Sun’s expected life cycle is about
A.
B.
C.
D.
7000 years.
100,000 years.
5 billion years.
10 billion years.
Comment:
The Sun is presently halfway through its life cycle.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
When we discuss the stellar explosion of a massive star,
we are talking about a
A.
B.
C.
D.
pulsar.
supernova.
neutron star.
black hole.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
When we discuss the stellar explosion of a massive star,
we are talking about a
A.
B.
C.
D.
pulsar.
supernova.
neutron star.
black hole.
Explanation:
A black hole involves a process opposite to an explosion—matter
is drawn inward, not exploded outward.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
When a star collapses to half size, gravitation at its surface
becomes
A.
B.
C.
D.
half as much.
the same.
twice as much.
four times as much.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
When a star collapses to half size, gravitation at its surface
becomes
A.
B.
C.
D.
half as much.
the same.
twice as much.
four times as much.
Explanation:
Recall the inverse-square law from Chapter 5.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
As fusion continues within the core of a star, energy ceases
to be generated when the element fused is
A.
B.
C.
D.
helium.
carbon.
oxygen.
iron.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
As fusion continues within the core of a star, energy ceases
to be generated when the element fused is
A.
B.
C.
D.
helium.
carbon.
oxygen.
iron.
Explanation:
Recall from Chapter 10 that when iron is fused, energy is
absorbed rather than released. When the fusion cycle of a star
reaches iron, the star cools.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
When we discuss a pulsar, we are talking about
A.
B.
C.
D.
a protostar in the making.
the stage of a star before becoming a supernova.
a spinning neutron star.
the remnant of a black hole.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
When we discuss a pulsar, we are talking about
A.
B.
C.
D.
a protostar in the making.
the stage of a star before becoming a supernova.
a spinning neutron star.
the remnant of a black hole.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
When we discuss a small, extremely dense star where
protons and electrons are welded together, we’re talking
about a
A.
B.
C.
D.
pulsar.
neutron star.
nova.
white dwarf.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
When we discuss a small, extremely dense star where
protons and electrons are welded together, we’re talking
about a
A.
B.
C.
D.
pulsar.
neutron star.
nova.
white dwarf.
Comment:
A pulsar is a spinning neutron star, with emitted light seen as
pulses, similar to the pulses of light seen on a dark night at sea
from a rotating searchlight on shore.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
When we discuss an event wherein a white dwarf suddenly
brightens, we’re talking about a
A.
B.
C.
D.
nova.
supernova.
pulsar.
quasar.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
When we discuss an event wherein a white dwarf suddenly
brightens, we’re talking about a
A.
B.
C.
D.
nova.
supernova.
pulsar.
quasar.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
Compared with the mass of a star that collapses to become
a black hole, the mass after the collapse is
A.
B.
C.
D.
less.
the same.
more.
all of the above depending on what kind of black hole.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
Compared with the mass of a star that collapses to become
a black hole, the mass after the collapse is
A.
B.
C.
D.
less.
the same.
more.
all of the above depending on what kind of black hole.
Explanation:
The mass of a star before and after collapse is the same. The
main difference is its density.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
The most familiar remnant of a supernovae explosion is
A.
B.
C.
D.
a pulsar.
the Magellanic Clouds.
Alpha Centauri.
the Crab Nebula.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
The most familiar remnant of a supernovae explosion is
A.
B.
C.
D.
a pulsar.
the Magellanic Clouds.
Alpha Centauri.
the Crab Nebula.
Explanation:
If you answered pulsar, you’re on the right track. A pulsar is part
of the Crab Nebula.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
The most common galaxies in the observable universe are
A.
B.
C.
D.
spiral galaxies.
elliptical galaxies.
irregular galaxies.
clusters of galaxies.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
The most common galaxies in the observable universe are
A.
B.
C.
D.
spiral galaxies.
elliptical galaxies.
irregular galaxies.
clusters of galaxies.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
The search for intelligent life elsewhere in the universe has
A.
B.
C.
D.
recently begun.
been going on for several decades.
recently been terminated.
come up with a positive result.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
The search for intelligent life elsewhere in the universe has
A.
B.
C.
D.
recently begun.
been going on for several decades.
recently been terminated.
come up with a positive result.
Comment:
Positive result? Not at the time this book was printed!
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
Scientific evidence supports the date of the Big Bang
occurrence as approximately
A.
B.
C.
D.
7000 years ago.
5 billion years ago.
13.7 billion years ago.
unknown, because there is not enough information.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
Scientific evidence supports the date of the Big Bang
occurrence as approximately
A.
B.
C.
D.
7000 years ago.
5 billion years ago.
13.7 billion years ago.
unknown, because there is not enough information.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
Hubble’s law has to do with the
A.
B.
C.
D.
expansion of the universe.
steady state of the universe.
contraction of the universe.
cosmic background radiation.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
Hubble’s law has to do with the
A.
B.
C.
D.
expansion of the universe.
steady state of the universe.
contraction of the universe.
cosmic background radiation.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
Evidence for the Big Bang has been predicted and then
measured by
A.
B.
C.
D.
cosmic background radiation.
relative percentages of elements.
temperatures of distant clouds of gas.
all of the above.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
Evidence for the Big Bang has been predicted and then
measured by
A.
B.
C.
D.
cosmic background radiation.
relative percentages of elements.
temperatures of distant clouds of gas.
all of the above.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
A quasar refers to
A.
B.
C.
D.
the Big Bang.
a black hole.
a neutron star.
none of the above.
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Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 28
A quasar refers to
A.
B.
C.
D.
the Big Bang.
a black hole.
a neutron star.
none of the above.
Explanation:
Quasars are currently some of the most puzzling objects known to
astronomers. Exactly what they are is presently being researched.
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