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Multimedia Objects for the Web CIS 311 Dr. Soe updated November 2009 CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 1 Special Demands of Multimedia Color - what kind? How much? Resolution - 96 dpi maximum you see Size -Effects of compression on images & sounds What does viewer do while they load? Are multimedia objects consistent with purpose of site? Are they distracting? (Animated gifs?) Standards: Compatibility with browsers? CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 2 Special Requirements: Multimedia Production Interactivity Story line/needs a script Requires specialized expertise Rich Internet Application (RIA) capabilities Copyright considerations Legal contracts define how material used & when paid for CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 3 Potential New Uses for Multimedia Desktop videoconferencing (Connect) Multimedia databases Travel agencies Real Estate collections of houses Multimedia documentation Factory floor how-to demos Maintenance information Interactive training materials Software Graphic User Interfaces (Flex) CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 4 Why Use Multimedia on web? Fast to create & alter Cheaper than alternatives Easier to set up interactive sites Makes concepts easier to understand More fun for viewer Impresses others CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 5 Multimedia Objects for Web Photos Audio Graphics, including Text Animation Video Clickable Maps Any others? CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 6 Accessibility: Alternative Text for an Image or Label for Other HTML Objects Set alt and title attributes for <img> tags to text for mouseover/screen reads Can specify height and width in pixels Displaying an image smaller than its physical size does NOT lower memory requirements Transparent pixel for spacing images Attributes: border= hspace= vspace= CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 7 External Media the sound or video file is accessed through a hypertext link. can provide links for low resolution and higher resolution files users have a choice as to whether to retrieve the multimedia clip. useful in low-bandwidth connections improves usability of site if user is warned of sizes of multimedia files before opening them CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 8 Inline and Embedded Media Inline media clips are placed into the Web page itself as embedded objects. Disadvantage: page loading must wait until clip is retrieved by the browser intended for users with access to the Web page using a high-speed connection An embedded media clip works like an inline image and can be played within the Web page itself. uses object (validatable) or embed (not) tags CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 9 Web only Displays 96 dpi In Photoshop, Image>Image Size Lets you set dpi = 96 (some monitors 72) Can rescale image to physical dimensions you want it to appear on web but doesn’t change memory requirements there Smaller actual dimensions less memory Insert Image in XHTML: <img src="book.gif" height=30 width=36 alt="book" title=“book” /> [“smart quotes” don't validate] CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 10 Streaming Audio and Video popular formats streaming media file plays as it downloads don’t have to wait as long before it plays different streaming audio and video formats. Audio: Waveform Audio Format (.wav), MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (.mp3) , RealAudio (.ra, .ram) Video and/or Audio: Audio Video Interleave (.avi), QuickTime (.qt), Windows Meta File (.wmf) CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 11 Understanding Sound Files Convert sound from the analog form we hear with our ears to the digital form that is stored in files on our computers. There are two components to the sound wave: amplitude and frequency. the amplitude is the height of the sound wave, and it relates to the loudness of the sound the frequency is the speed at which the sound wave moves, and it relates to the sound pitch CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 12 A Simple Sound Wave the higher the amplitude, the louder the sound sounds with high frequency have higher pitches CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 13 Sampling Rate A sound wave is a continuous function. To convert it to a digital sound format, your computer must record measurements of the sound at discrete moments in time. each measurement is called a sample the number of samples taken per second is called the sampling rate, which is measured in kilohertz (KHz) the most commonly used sampling rates are 11 KHz, 22 KHz, and 44KHz HIGHER sampling rates, BIGGER files, more quality CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 14 Approximating a Sound Wave with Different Sampling Rates This figure shows a higher sampling rate means that more samples are taken per second, resulting in a digital sound that more closely matches the analog sound. The trade-off in increasing the sampling rate is that it increases the size of the sound file. CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 15 Sample Resolution indicates precision in measuring the sound within each sample. 3 commonly used sample resolution values 8-bit – smallest file size, worst quality 16-bit 32-bit – biggest file size, best quality Have to experiment to find optimal file size with acceptable quality Sound files get VERY large VERY QUICKLY CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 16 Approximating a Sound Wave at Different Sample Resolutions increasing the sample resolution creates a digital sound file that represents the analog sound in greater detail but, once again, results in a larger file. CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 17 Channel Size A final choice -- the number of channels to use. Choice is between stereo or monaural (mono) sound. Stereo is a richer sound than mono, but it doubles the size of the sound file. CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 18 Sampling Rate & Sample Resolution as Related to Sound Quality 8 KHz, 8-bit mono: Telephone poorest sound quality Low sampling rate, low sample resolution, monaural sound 22 KHz, 16-bit stereo: Radio 44 KHz, 16-bit stereo: CD player CD player provides higher sound quality 48 KHz, 16-bit stereo: DAT (digital audio tape) Highest sampling rate, high sample resolution, stereo sound, sometimes additional sound channels CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 19 Creating/Modifying Sound Files Need a sound card, speakers, soundediting software, & possibly a microphone Many sound editors available on the Web (Audacity if free, good) that allow you to: modify the sampling rate, sample resolution, and number of channels add special sound effects, remove noise give you the ability to copy and paste sounds from one sound file to another CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 20 Embedding Sound Files Sound Files are downloaded & played <a href="frankly.au">insert audio </A> <a href="ilikeit.wav">insert .wav files</A> Insert background music <bgsound src="frankly.wav"> To keep playing, can set loops <bgsound src ="frankly.wav" loop="5"> CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 21 Making small audio files Sampling rate measured in kilohertz (kHz) Affects high-low range of digitized sound Sampling rates: 8 kHz, 11 kHz …. 48 kHz Higher sampling rates take more memory Read in at higher rate Compress before putting on web Listen to how it sounds with various compression rates CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 22 Sounds/Sound Editing Sources Adobe Audition formerly CoolEdit http://www.adobe.com/products/audition/ Shareware Music Machine http://www.hitsquad.com/smm/ Prof. Grasmick's Sound Editing Web Site http://www.csupomona.edu/~dmgrasmick/computer/ CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 23 Sound File formats -law - Unix -older format .au AIFF - Audio Interchange File Format: Apple .aif WMF – Windows Media Format .wmf WAV - Microsoft & IBM .wav MPEG - high quality requires browser plugin .mpg MPEG3 – very popular .mp3 MIDI=Musical Instrument Digital Interface - requires midi plugin—music algorithm is saved & replayed on synthesizer in the client computer .mid RealAudio - streaming audio - requires plugin .rm See Prof Grasnik’s Web Site on Sound http://www.csupomona.edu/~dmgrasmick/computer/index.html CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 24 MP3 Format Very popular for music version of MPEG format that compresses audio files with minor impact on sound quality uses an open standard. allows greater innovation from developers creating MP3-related software no security features-- easier for users to share MP3 files & attach them to e-mail messages. MP3 is readily available in portable music players and car stereos. Users can convert their MP3 files into WAV format files and burn them onto CDs. CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 25 MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) standard for synthesizers and sound cards PC synthesizer produces sound file based on its configuration limited to music and cannot be used for general sounds, such as speech. reduces sound to a series of values that describe pitch, length, volume of each note. MIDI is a widely supported standard. files much smaller than other sound formats. http://www.csupomona.edu/~dmgrasmick/sound /audio.html CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 26 Linking to a Sound File Increase usability--include information about file format and size with the link. When browser encounters a link to an external file, it checks to see if there is a program installed to handle the file. these programs are called helper applications, because they help the browser interpret and present the file if the browser can not display the file, it might display an error message and prompt the user to download one from the Web CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 27 Embedding a Sound File A sound clip is one example of an embedded object. An embedded object is any media clip, file, program, or other object that can be run or viewed from within the Web page. To use embedded objects, the browser must support them and must have access to the appropriate plug-in applications. CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 28 Syntax of the <embed> Tag <embed src="URL" width="value" height="value" align="value" autostart="startvalue"> URL is the filename and location of the embedded object height and width attributes define the size of the embedded object on the Web page align attribute defines how text wraps around the embedded clip autostart attribute is used to determine whether or not the browser starts the embedded clip automatically when the Web page is loaded CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 29 Embedding audio file Audio embedded on page with controls Controls display if defined size is adequate: <embed src="audio/roos_bodymindspirit.mp3 " width="441" height="14"> </embed> CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 30 Using the <bgsound> Tag IE 3.0 introduced bgsound tag syntax of the <bgsound> tag is: <bgsound src="URL" balance="value" loop="value" volume="value"> URL is the filename and location of the sound file balance attribute defines how the sound should be balanced between the computer’s left and right speakers loop attribute defines how many times the sound clip is played in the background volume attribute indicates the volume of the background sound CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 31 Using the <bgsound> Tag The <bgsound> tag should be used with caution . Background sound displays no control or object on a Web page. A user cannot stop the background sound from playing, pause it, or rewind it. The <bgsound> tag is not supported by Netscape. To insert a background sound clip with Netscape, use the following HTML tag: <embed src="file" width="0" height="0" autostart="true"> CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 32 CSS and Sound CSS can also control audio content pages designed people with visual impairments situations where people can’t look at a screen (e.g., when driving) Aural style sheets Aural and Braille browser information CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 33 Working with Video Files Video is popular on the Web. can be exciting and provide lots of information. Video files are large and difficult to work with. Use a video capture board to record images from a camcorder, television, or VCR. To create video clips use computer animation software. Creating a video file can be a time-consuming process but it can also be fun! CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 34 Rules of Thumb for Graphics Try to keep file size of entire web page 30K or less Crop or resize images Use thumbnails of larger images Don’t put too many on one page Don’t enlarge dimensions of graphics unless you reduce dpi Use gif compression for flat graphics Use jpg for photos Minimize color range in your graphics -- can compress with better results Try different compression levels – choose most compressed that looks ok Reuse graphics CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 35 Video Editing Software Adobe Premiere Pro -- $352 Premiere Pro for DVD movies -- 30 day trial: http://www.studica.com/products/product_detail.cfm? productid=58362 iMovie comes with newer Macs Ulead VideoStudio X2 -- $99.99 http://www.ulead.com/ Pinnacle Studio 12 $49.99 ($99.99 more stuff) http://www.pinnaclesys.com/ProductPage_n.asp?Prod uct_ID=1501&Langue_ID=7 CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 36 Frame Rates A video file contains frames, where each frame represents a single image. When a video file is played, each frame is shown in sequence, giving the illusion of motion. The number of frames shown in each unit of time is called the frame rate and is expressed as frames per second (fps). Working with the frame rate is one way to control the size and quality of a video file. Another way of controlling the size of the video file is by compressing each frame. CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 37 An Example of Frame Rates VHS videotape renders video at the speed of 30 fps, which yields large files Reducing the frame rate reduces number of frames shown each second reduces total number of frames in the file Does not reduce the duration, just shows fewer frames CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 38 What affects Video File Size? Frames per second Compression: Codecs compression /decompression) used. Codecs available in your video editor depend on the video card in you computer Some codecs are better suited to the Web How much you choose to compress the video and/or audio Type of audio (music more than words) Type of video (more or less movement on screen) – define how often it needs to be repainted Dimensions of video (length X width). Color (grayscale smaller) Video resolution. CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 39 Web Video File Formats .MOV Apple QuickTime Movies need QuickTime Movie plug-in --Widely used for movie previews Microsoft’s Video formats .AVI no longer supported .WMF new format ASF – Microsoft's streaming format .SWF –shocked Flash movies, embed MOV .RM – RealMedia MPEG – great compression, no standard MPEG, requires technology most people don’t have. Streaming media available in most file formats – starts playing before completely downloads CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 40 Linking to a Video File – let user know how big it is A sample code for linking to mrim.avi and mrim.mov video files is: <p>Preview a clip from the Mount Rainier Interactive Map.</p> <blockquote> <a href="mrim.avi">Summit Flyby (187K – AVI)</a><br> <a href="mrim.mov>Summit Flyby (215K – QuickTime)</a> </blockquote> CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 41 Linked vs. Embedded Linked multimedia content doesn’t show until viewer clicks a link Embedded content starts playing automatically right after page loads CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 42 Linked movies <a href="Movies/Export00_288.mov"> <b>28.8k</b> </a> <font size="2">(1.15MB)</font> <a href="Movies/Export00_56k.mov"><b><br> 56 k</b></a> <font size="2">(2.13MB) </font> <br> <a href="Movies/Export00_ISDN.mov"> <b>Broadband </b></a><font size="2">(3.69 MB) CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 43 Embedding a Video File: <embed> tag Specify a source for the embedded video clip with the src attribute. Specify a size for the clip using the height and width attributes. large enough to display any controls needed to operate the clip typically, the size is determined by trial and error Use the autostart tag to specify whether or not to start the clip when the page is loaded. CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 44 Inserting an Embedded Video Clip <embed src="final_movie_320_240_wmv_28K.wmv" width="199" height="189"></embed> CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 45 Using the <noembed> Tag The <noembed> tag provides a way to support older browsers that don’t recognize the <embed> tag. The general syntax of the <noembed> tag is: <embed [attributes]> <noembed> HTML tags recognized by older browsers </noembed> Older browsers will run whatever tags are entered between the <noembed> tags. CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 46 Using the dynsrc Attribute The dynsrc attribute identifies video clip associated with inline image (not valid HTML). For example, an inline image that was inserted using the following <img> tag: <img src="file" align="right" hspace="5" vspace="1"> Can be replaced using this tag: <img dynsrc="file" src="file" align="right" hspace="5" vspace="1"> Using this "dynamic source" tag allows you to display a GIF and JPEG image as a "preview" of the inline video clip. CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 47 The <img> Tag and dynsrc Attribute other attributes of the <img> tag that you can use along with the dynsrc attribute. controls attribute to specify whether to include VCRlike controls beneath the video clip loop attribute to specify the number of times the video is played start attribute to control how the video clip is started The dynsrc attribute and its associated attributes are supported only by Internet Explorer supplement HTML code with the <embed> tag to allow other browsers to use the embedded video clip. CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 48 Introducing Java Applets Java computing language was developed to allow users to run programs from within their Web browsers rather than on the Web server. Each Java program is called an applet. examples of Java applets are stock market tickers, games, animations, and other utilities. Unlike JavaScript, a Java applet is not inserted into your HTML file, but it is an external file that is downloaded and executed by the browser. The applet itself is displayed as an embedded object on a Web page in an applet window. CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 49 Java Applet Archives on the Web Applets from Sun Gamelan http://java.sun.com/applets/ Java Boutique http://javaboutique.internet.com/applets/ Java Rating Service Yahoo’s list of Java Applets http://www.jars.com/ http://www.developer.com/java/ejb/ http://dir.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/ Programming_and_Development/Languages/Ja va/Applets/ CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 50 Java Applet To write your own Java applet, you need a Java Developer’s Kit (JDK). commercial JDKs provide easy-to-use graphical tools and menus to help create Java applets quickly and easily. JDK is similar to JavaScript, however, it is a more complicated, and more powerful language. CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 51 .class File save the source code as a file with the fourletter extension .java. The file compiled into an executable file that can run by itself without the JDK. The executable filename has the four-letter extension .class and is called a .class file. Some Java applets may require several .class files. A class file can be run only from within a Java interpreter. In most cases, the Java interpreter is in the Web browser. CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 52 Working with the <applet> and <param> Tags The <applet> tag inserted on Web page identifies the .class file used by the applet allows you to specify any parameters required by the applet. The general syntax of the <applet> tag is: <applet code="file"> <param> <param> . . . <param> </applet> CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 53 Working with the <applet> and <param> Tags file is the filename of the Java applet the <param> tags are used for any parameters required by the applet The syntax of the <param> tag is: <param name="text" value="value"> name attribute identifies the name of the parameter required by the applet value attribute is the value you’ll give the parameter CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 54 Attributes of the <applet> Tag Alt=text Text string that is displayed in place of the applet before the browser finishes loading it codebase=URL Location of the .class file, if different from the Web page code= filename.class Filename of the .class file Height=value Height of the embedded applet in pixels Hspace=value Horizontal space between embedded applet and surrounding text, in pixels Name-text Name of the applet Vspace=value Vertical space between embedded applet and surrounding text, in pixels Width-value Width of the embedded applet in pixels CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 55 The codebase Attribute The codebase attribute runs an applet placed in a different location than the Web page. Placing applets in a central location allows you to maintain only one copy of each applet, rather than copies for each Web page. Makes it easier to manage collections of applets. Allows you to run someone else’s Java applet from that person’s Web server (deprecated). this practice is discouraged and, in some cases, is a violation of copyright laws when using someone else’s Java applet, first obtain permission and retrieve the .class file before placing on your Web server CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 56 Insert Other HTML Tags and Text Really old browsers ignore the <applet> and <param> tags and instead display the text specified. New browsers that support Java applets ignore that text. Use HTML code to have the browsers display the applet, or if it’s an older browser, the message to upgrade. CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 57 Inserting an Applet and Parameter Values how to insert an applet and parameter values for weather information. With the large number of embedded objects and the Java applet, this Web page may take a while to load. filename of Java applet dimensions of Java applet applet parameters CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 58 The Applet in Action text fades as it leaves the applet window t ext scrolls vertically If the browser has trouble accessing the applet, check the <applet> and <param> tags for any errors or misspellings. CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 59 Using the Internet Explorer <marquee> Tag Use the <marquee> tag to create a theatrestyle marquee – syntax (not valid HTML). <marquee attributes>Marquee Text</marquee> Marquee Text is the text that appears in the marquee box Disadvantages of marquees only supported by Internet Explorer. Text displayed in other Browsers Lots of people find marquees disturbing & distracting CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 60 Attributes of the <marquee> Tag Attribute Description begin="value" The time, in seconds, before beginning the marquee. The default is "0". behavior="type" The text behavior within the container. The default value of "scroll" instructs the text to scroll across the container, "alternate" instructs the text to reverse its direction when it reaches the container's edge, and "slide" instructs the text to stop once it reaches the end of the container. bgcolor="color" The background color of the container direction="type" The direction of the text movement. Options are: "left", "right", "down", or "up). The default is "left". end="value" The time, in seconds, before ending the marquee. height="value" width="value" The height and width of the marquee container, in pixels hspace="value" vspace="value" The horizontal and vertical space around the marquee container, in pixels loop="value" The number of times the marquee plays. A value of "0" or "-1" instructs the marquee to play without stopping. The default is "-1". scrollamount="value" The distance, in pixels, that the text moves each time the marquee is redrawn. The default is "6". scrolldelay="value" The delay, in milliseconds, between subsequent drawings of the marquee. The default is CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 61 "85". Using the <marquee> Tag To control the appearance & size of the marquee, insert the following attributes into <marquee> tag: bgcolor="color" width="value" height="value" bgcolor attribute controls the background color of the marquee box width and height attributes define the dimensions of the box To control the placement of the marquee with the surrounding text, use the attributes: hspace="value" vspace="value" hspace and vspace attributes define the amount of horizontal and vertical space in pixels around the box CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 62 Using the <marquee> Tag To control the behavior of text within the marquee, use the attributes: Behavior="type" direction="type" loop="value" behavior is either "scroll" (to scroll the text across the box), "slide" (to slide the text across the box and stop), or "alternate" (to bounce the text back and forth across the box) direction attribute defines the direction the text moves, is "left" (the default), "right", "down", or "up" loop attribute determines how often the text moves across the box and is either an integer or "infinite" To control the speed of the text within marquee, use the attributes: Scrollamount="value" scrolldelay="value" scrollamount is the amount of space, in pixels, that the text moves each time it advances across the page scrolldelay is the amount of time, in milliseconds, between text CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 63 advances Using the <object> Tag four types of embedded objects sound clips video clips applets HTML files CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 64 Using the <object> Tag The general syntax for the <object> tag is: <object data="URL" type="type" classid="URL" codebase="URL"> <param parameter name and value> <param parameter name and value> . . . Text and tags that are displayed by browsers that don’t support the <object> tag </object> CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 65 Validatable <object> Tag <embed> tag doesn't validate <div> <object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8444553540000" width="780" height="420"> <param name="movie" value="myContent.swf" /> <!--[if !IE]>--> <object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="myContent.swf" width="780" height="420"> <!--<![endif]--> <p>Alternative content</p> <!--[if !IE]>--> </object> <!--<![endif]--> </object> </div><!--Source--> CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 66 Using the <object> Tag data attribute is used to indicate the source of the data for the embedded object type attribute indicates the type of data to be embedded (enclosed in quotes) classid attribute identifies the class of object being embedded codebase attribute indicates the location of the source data, if it differs from the location of the Web page CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 67 Some Attributes of the <object> Tag CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 68 Specifying the Type Value The type attribute is expressed in terms of the MIME data type. The MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension) data type was developed to allow e-mail messages to include nontext objects i.e. sound and video files. MIME was adapted for use on the WWW if a value is not specified for the type attribute, Web browser may have difficulty rendering the Web page if browser doesn’t support MIME data type, it won’t download object from the Web server CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 69 Some Mime Data Types CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 70 Specifying the classid Value The classid attribute provides information to the browser on how the object is to be implemented on the Web page. For inline images, sound files, and video files, you don’t need to specify a value for the classid attribute. For Java applets, the classid attribute takes the place of the data attribute. The syntax for embedding a Java applet within the <object> tag is: <object classid="java: filename"> <param> <param> . . . CIS 311 Dr. Soe </object> 2004 71 ActiveX ActiveX controls require the classid attribute along with the <object> tag to use them in a Web page. ActiveX controls can be inserted into a document with the following classid attribute value: <object classid="clsid:class_identifier"> <param> <param> . . . </object> class_identifier is a complex text string that identifies the ActiveX control for the browser ActiveX controls can add a lot to a Web page. Microsoft supports a large library of controls. CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 72 Nesting <object> Tags The <object> tag can be nested one <object> inside another. this is useful in situations where you want to give the browser alternatives for displaying an embedded object Code below provides four options for playing a video clip: <object data="mrim.mpg" type="video/mpeg"> <object data="mrim.mov" type="video/quicktime"> <object data="mrim.avi" type="video/xmsvideo"> <img src="mrim.jpg"> </object> </object> </object> CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 73 More About The <object> Tag The <object> tag shows great promise for expanding the capability of HTML in handling embedded objects. HTML 4.01 deprecates the <embed> tag, preferring Web designers to use the <object> tag CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 74 Embedding Objects See excellent discussion of embedding different types objects at link below Includes sample code and some hacks to make code work with different browsers object tag: embed content in valid strict HTML CIS 311 Dr. Soe 2004 75