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A Role for Metadata in
Promoting Accessibility
Liddy Nevile
La Trobe University
Australia
Summary
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The Web for all people
Definition of accessibility
Accessibility standards/laws
Communities working on accessibility
Metadata for accessibility
Current state of development
The Web for every One
• The range of benefits:
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Knowledge/Science/…
Tele-health
Tele-education
Ecological
Equity
--> telecommunications access for all
--> content and services access for all
Definition of accessibility
• Scenario 1
– Rashid is driving his new Porsche to Agra
on Valentine’s Day. He realises that he has
not brought flowers and wants to know
where he can collect some roses on his
way. “Google” knows, but Rashid cannot
take his eyes off the road to check the
Web. His on-board computer is rendered
useless.
Definition of accessibility
• Scenario 2
– Indira is a tele-education student
studying mathematics . Her specialisation
is continuous fractions. She is finishing
her doctoral thesis. Her professor is in
Delhi. Indira lives in Sakristi with her
parents. Indira is deaf/blind and depends
upon her computer and Braille device to
communicate.
Definition of accessibility
• Accessibility is about ‘independence’,
access despite changes in:
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Devices (desktop, laptop, palm, phone..)
Contexts (quiet, noisy, public, …)
Modalities (seeing, hearing, touching, ..)
Abilities (illiterate, dyslexic, dysnumeric, …)
Languages
Cultures
Definition of accessibility
• In summary, accessibility is about content
and services that are developed once and
yet available to all devices (and people,
including those using assistive
technologies)
• i.e. Re-usable multi-media content in
forms that comply with W3C standards
for accessibility
Accessibility standards/laws
• European Economic Community
– Requirements for equity for people with
disabilities, esp. in e-government,
e-education, ...
• U.S.A.
– Requirements for government procurement
(s. 508) - competitive advantage
• Australia
– Requirement for lack of discrimination
(Disabilities Discrimination Act - Common
Law interpretation)
Accessibility standards/laws
• India
– A “right to information”
• Differences (in enforcement):
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EU - a right
USA - a constraint
Australia - a common law protection
India - a common law right
‘accessibility’ Communities
• W3C and W3C WAI
(Web Content Accessibility Initiative)
– Guidelines for authors, authoring tools and
user agent developers
• EuroAccessibility
– Characteristics of accessibility
(based on WCAG)
• Disability communities, advocacy
communities, digital library initiatives, ….
Accessibility Metadata WGs
• Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
• International Committee Technology
Standards (INCITS V2)
• IMS Global Learning Consortium
and
• W3C’s Evaluation and Reporting Language
(EARL) Working Group
User profiling
• WebForAll technology (Industry Canada)
– smart card to manage hardware/software
• AccessForAll profile (IMS et al.)
– Control
– Display
– Content
Control needs and preferences
User profiling
• WebForAll technology (Industry Canada)
– smart card to manage hardware/software
• AccessForAll profile (IMS et al.)
– Control
– Display
– Content
• AccessForAllAlways (CEN MMI-DC)
- include language and culture
Content discovery/repair
User profiles
Metadata repository
search engine etc..
Web
services
Content repository
Web server etc..
Technical aspects of access
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Content from HTML to XML (W3C)
Use accessible technologies (SVG, SMIL, i18n, ...)
Migrate metadata ( HTML to XML to RDF)
Separate content & presentation (CSS, XSLT, ...)
Describe user in metadata
=> Use [content + presentation + user]
metadata to provide access
State of development
• W3C WAI guidelines
– WCAG, ATAG, UAAG, DI, CSS, EARL, XSLT,
SMIL, SVG, ….
– XAG
• DCMI, IMS etc…
– AccessForAll profile
http://www.imsproject.org/accessibility/
• AccessibilityMetadata
– 30th April 2004 in Brussels
Thank you
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http://w3.org/WAI/
http://dublincore.org/groups/access/
http://www.imsproject.org/accessibility
mailto:[email protected]