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Basic Information
Technology Terminology
Kevin Price
Center for Assistive Technology & Environmental
Access (CATEA)
Georgia Institute of Technology
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
 International consortium where industry
organizations, a full-time staff, and the public
work together to develop Web standards
 Develops interoperable technologies
(specifications, guidelines, software, and
tools) to lead the Web to its full potential.
www.w3c.org
Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)
 Project of the W3C, which focuses on developing
strategies, guidelines, and resources to help make the
Web accessible to people with disabilities.
 Protocols and Formats Working Group (PFWG)
 Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Working Group
(WCAG WG)
 Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines Working Group
(AUWG)
 User Agent Accessibility Guidelines Working Group
(UAWG)
 Evaluation and Repair Tools Working Group (ERT WG)
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
 Developed by WAI of the W3C
 1.0 current; 2.0 last call working draft by 5/31/06
 3 voluntary compliance or priority levels
A- Level 1
AA – Level 2
www.w3c.org/wai/
AAA – Level 3
Section 508
 Federal departments must:
 Accommodate employees with disabilities.
 Design accessible websites.
 Procure accessible information technology.
 U.S. Dept. of Ed letter interpreted Section 508
applicable to state entities, including some public
colleges and universities.
 Not tied in with Federal funding.
www.section508.gov
Markup or Code
 General term to describe the programming
behind the web page.
HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
 Programming language in which most web
pages are written.
 Web browsers interupt to display web pages.
XML, PHP, Cold Fusion
 Other types of programming languages.
 Each has their own distinct code.
 Some are “server-side” languages which require
specialized technology on the “back-end” to
translate into HTML, which is then sent to the
user’s web browser.
Tags
 “Behind the scenes” framework for a web page
i.e. headings, lists, links, paragraphs
 All have starting <tag>
 Most, but not all have ending </tag>
 Start and end tags create elements.
Framework <Tags> of HTML Webpage
<html>
<head>
<title>Name for Document</title>
</head>
<body> Content goes here </body>
</html>
Hypertext
 Most web sites utilize, which includes links to
other pages.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
 Address of any given page.
 http://www.sedbtac.org/
 Used in the creation and navigation of
hypertext.
Skip-nav
 Link that enables users to skip over navigation
links and directly access the content.
 Helps users of screen readers, low vision, small
screen devices, and keyboard-only access
 Specifically required by Section 508.
 Examples:
 How skip-nav works: www.catea.org/grade/legal/
 Skip-nav link display using css: www.adagame.org/
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
 Separate file that is a set of instructions which tell
how to display a given webpage (in terms of text
fonts, colors, etc.)
 Separates content from presentation.
 Require by 508 and WCAG to test if web page is
readable with style sheets “off”
 CSS In Action: www.csszengarden.com
Alt-text
 Text read or displayed if images unavailable due
to disability or technology.
 Typically seen by visual users when a pointing
device (i.e. mouse) is placed over an image.
Federal Court Concepts
Multimedia
 Any file format or application that uses sound
and/or video.
Applet
 A program running or embedded within a web
application, such as Java or Flash.
Plug-in
 Any software program a user needs to
download in order to run a file, such as Flash
or PDF.
Tables
 Two kinds of tables used in web applications:
 Layout tables
 Data tables
 Standards apply to these types of tables which
convey or contain information.
Courseware
 Software products used to provide content in
a consistent manner.
 Blackboard
 WebCT
Frames
 Basically, multiple web pages within one web page.
 May or may not be visible as “frames”.
 Some courseware utilizes, i.e. Web CT and Blackboard.
 Example:
http://www.hyperorg.com/misc/DoubleTreeShow_files/fra
me.html