Transcript lecture 1 - 01/22 - Computer Science

Lecture 1 What is a Digital Library?
CS 502
Computing Methods for Digital Libraries
Cornell University – Computer Science
Herbert Van de Sompel
[email protected]
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Course Administration
Web site:
http://www.cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs502/2001sp/
Instructor: Herbert Van de Sompel, Rhodes 426
Teaching assistant: Ken Hopkinson, Michael Frei
Assistant: Rosemary Adessa, Upson 5147
Sign-up sheet: Fill-out and leave on front desk
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Course Organization
• 2 Lectures per week [Mon Wed ; Thurston 203] PowerPoint
slides via web site.
• Weekly Personal Readings Available via web site (no text
book!)
• 1 Lab per week [Fri ; Rhodes 471]
• a pop-quiz on the readings associated with the current
week;
• guided hands-on work on topics covered in previous
lectures;
• an in-depth exploration of an issue covered in a previous
lecture;
• a guest lecture;
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Pop quiz
Which of the following words is not part of my name?
a) Hubert
b) Van
c) Sompel
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Course Organization
• 4 Assignments
• Due dates available on web site;
• Topic announced 2-3 weeks before due date;
• Submission via e-mail;
• some group; some individual
• Mid-term examination
• Final examination
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Grading
• Course assignments ~ 30 %
• Performance in the Labs (if applicable) ~ 20 %
• Examinations (mid-term and final) ~ 50 %
The weightings given to these components are expected
to be as shown, but these weightings may be changed
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Code of Conduct
Always give credit to your sources and collaborators:
• Good professional practice: To make use of the
expertise of others and to build on previous work, with
proper attribution.
• Unethical and academic plagiarism: To use the efforts
of others without attribution.
If an assignment is individual: do it on your own!
If a task/assignment is for a group: collaborate and
mention the nature of the contribution of each
participant [if not equal].
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Course Philosophy
Maximum use of online information by the class:
a) Extensive reading of online materials (no text
books)
b) Extensive exploration of online resources
c) Course materials on web site
d) All assignments described and submitted online
e) Teaching assistants available online (no office
hours)
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Course Content, Schedule
See Syllabus at
http://www.cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs502/2001sp/syllab
us.htm
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Warning
I am a (digital) Librarian
• Mathematics (1979)
• Computer Science (1981)
• Ph.D. in Communication Science (2000)
• 18 years experience in Library Automation
• Ph.D. research led to 2 innovations in digital libraries:
• Open Linking (SFX, OpenURL)
• Open Archives Initiative
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What is a Digital Library?
Definition depends on the perspective of the definer
• (digital) Librarians
• Digital Library researchers
=> We will explore both perspectives in the upcoming
lectures
=> We will balance between both perspectives during the
course
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What is a Digital Library? Digital Librarians …
• Institutions/Organizations that provide information
services in digital form.
• The content to provide services for is a given.
• A prolongation of library automation.
• Focus on actual integration (federation) of many
resources.
• Concern with sociological, economical, legal aspects.
• The Library and Information Science track.
• A daily reality: things must work.
• ~ the UK UKOLN and US DLF/CNI perspective
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What is a Digital Library? Digital Library researchers …
• Digital content collected and organized on behalf of user
communities
• Populate resources with content; architectures to
store content, to make content accessible, …
• Something that started in the early nineties.
• Focus on technological issues (data-capturing,
categorization, advanced algorithms for search, browse,
filter ..., usage of networked databases).
• A new research domain.
• The Computer Science track.
• So far, few research results end up in real-world
applications.
• ~ the NSF DLI-1 perspective (1993).
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What is a Digital Library? Digital Librarians …
Digital Libraries are organizations that provide the
resources, including the specialized staff, to select,
structure, offer intellectual access to, interprete,
distribute, preserve the integrity of, and ensure the
persistence over time of collections of digital works so
that they are readily and economically available for use by
a defined community or set of communities [Waters 1998]
• Covers the 4 S’s of libraries: Selection – Service –
Support - Storage (archiving)
• Presents a holistic view: Social – Economical – Legal Technological aspects
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What is a Digital Library? Digital Library Researchers …
A Digital Library is a collection of information which is
both digitized and organized [Lesk 1997]
[Lesk 1997] addresses other aspects when answering the
questions: “What does it take to build a Digital Library?”:
• Digital content
• Access to content (search and retrieval)
• Preservation of content
• How to pay for digitial libraries (in parallel to
maintaining traditional libraries)
• Social issues (access to information ~ democracy ;
resistance to reading on-line)
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What is a Digital Library? Digital Librarians …
economy
technology
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Digital Libraries
law
sociology
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What is a Digital Library? Digital Library Researchers …
economy
technology
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Digital Libraries
law
sociology
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What is a Digital Library?
Informal definition (focusing on the Technological
aspect)
A digital library is a managed collection of information,
with associated services, where the information is
stored in digital formats and is accessible over a
network. [Arms CS502 sp00]
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What is a Digital Library?
3 elements seem to be necessary [Bishop and Star
1996]:
a) A sense of a collection of information organized in
some sense; the content of the collection can range
between hybrid physical/electronic and electroniconly;
b) A collection that is not only bibliographic; the
collection should contain full-content;
c) A goal of matching the “audience” with the
collection; selection/services/network/;
There also is a relationship with scholarly information
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What is a Digital Library?
Definition depends on the perspective of the definer
Evolutionary perspective: digital libraries as institutions
that are the continuation of libraries (library automation as
the link between libraries and digital libraries).
Revolutionary perspective: digital libraries as resources
linked by computer networks, that – as a whole – can
provide services that will supplant libraries.
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from
Michael
Lesk
Both perspectives start
using the same name:
Digital Libraries
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How is a digital library different from … traditional IR
systems ?
• Typically, IR provides access to metadata only (OPAC
system)
• DLs move across the boundaries of a single IR system
• The switch from IR to DL coincides with the emergence
of the Web
• IR technology as a building block of DLs
• Next lecture about the library automation perspective
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How is a digital library different from … e-commerce
systems ?
• If the system is about selling inflatable boats?
http://www.shipstore.com
• If the system is about selling books?
http://www.amazon.com
•If the system is about selling access to e-books for
undergraduate students?
http://www.questia.com/
Technologies used in those systems as building blocks for
DLs. This is true for many web-information-systems.
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How is a digital library different from … the Web ?
Assignment 1: Is the Web (as a whole) a Digital Library?
• 4 Groups
• Discuss this question on listservs per Group
• 1 paper per Group (max 6 pages):
• e-mailed to [email protected]
• subject line: CS502, Assignment #1
• due 02/10
• HTML format
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How is a digital library different from … the Web ?
Assignment 1: Is the Web (as a whole) a Digital Library?
• Use both perspectives
• Relate to the typical functions of libraries [4S’s]
• Relate to the objectives of a bibliographic system
• Find inspiration in readings for week 1
• Find inspiration in lecture 1, 2, 3 & the lecture by John
Saylor
• Include your own perspectives.
• Use the Web and Cornell Library Gateway.
• Answer might not be black-or-white: which aspects of
the Web qualify to be DL, which not?
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Readings (1/2)
• Koehler, Wallace. 1999. Digital Libraries and World
Wide Web sites and page persistence. In: Information
Research, Vol 4 Issue 4.
http://www.shef.ac.uk/~is/publications/infres/paper60.
html
• Waters, Don J. 1998. What are digital libraries?
Council on Library and Information Resources. Issues,
No. 4. http://www.clir.org/pubs/issues/issues04.html
• Hughes, C.A. 2000. Information Services for Higher
Education A New Competitive Space. In: D-Lib Magazine,
vol. 6, iss. 12.
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december00/hughes/12hughes.
html
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Readings (2/2)
• Bush, Vannevar. 1945. As We May Think. In:
“Atlantic Monthly”
http://www.isg.sfu.ca/~duchier/misc/vbush/vbushall.shtml
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References
• Bishop, A.P. & Star, S.L. 1996. Social informatics for
digital library use and infrastructure. In: M.E. Williams
(editor) Annual review of Information Science and
Technology 31. Medford, NJ: Information Today, pp. 301401
• Waters, D.J. 1998. What are digital libraries? Council on
Library and Information Resources. Issues, No. 4.
http://www.clir.org/pubs/issues/issues04.html
• Lesk, M. 1997. Practical Digital Libraries : Books, Bytes,
and Bucks. Morgan Kaufmann.
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