Transcript Mobile Learning

Personalised Web Services
for Activity-Based Mobile
Learning
Wichai Eamsinvattana
PhD student, started Oct 2006
Supervised by Dr.Vania Dimitrova
Presentation Plan
• Mobile Learning Challenge
• Mobile Learning at Workplace
• Research Goal
• Research Questions
• Background – PML & WS, PML & Context,
AT & Context
• Architecture
• Demo – Location Context
• Summary and Question for Discussion
2
Mobile Learning Challenges
• Definition
- The provision of education and training on mobile devices: PDA, mobile phones and
smartphones (Keegan, Mobile Learning: a practical guide, 2006)
- Learning that take place while using mobile devices and services (Vavoula, A Study of Mobile
Learning Practices, MOBIlearn 2005)
• Technical challenges:
- Seamless integration of web and mobile access
- Web services appear feasible approach
• Need for creative scenarios and applications
- Informal and free context (Frohberg, 2006)
- Promising applications (Trifonova, 2003):
- access/retrieve knowledge at a certain moment directly linked to
the current user activities
- educational material collected/available on the field
- context is crucial for the learning experience.
3
Mobile Learning at workplace
• Learning at workplace fits within the characteristics for
promising mobile learning applications
• Learning should be integrated with the work practices
• There are no systematic approaches how this could be
done
• Our Approach: Use activity theory to inform the design of
activity-based mobile learning
4
Research Goal
• The main goal is to examine how
information from a mobile
environment can be taken into
account for supporting personalised
activity-based learning.
5
Research Questions
• How to model mobile learning context
considering individual tasks, community
activities, and current environment?
• How to use context in a particular mobile
learning scenario in order to provide adaptation
to users?
• How to develop a flexible system architecture
for personalised activity-based learning?
6
Background: PML & Web
Services (1)
• Adaptation in mobile learning
- Location
- Device constraints
- There is lack of approaches which take into account the
environment and the users’ activities
• Web services
- Open standards, modular approach, easy and inexpensive
implementation and reducing the costs of application
integration
7
Background: PML & Web
Services (2) - Example
Personal Ambient Learning
(Location Based & Context Aware)
Killer Technology for Knowledge Society
Learn eXact from Guinti Lab
Using Web Services
8
Background: PML & Context
• Dey defines the context as any information from
the situation of an entity (a person, a place, or
object)
• Schilit divides context into three categories:
computing context (connectivity, bandwidth),
user context (user’s profile and location, social
situation), and physical context (lighting, noise
level)
9
Background: AT & Context (1)
• Activity Model
Environmental context
• Kofod-Petersen
Tools
Personal context
Task context
Subject
Rules
Task context
Object
Community
Spatio-Temporal context
Outcome
Division of Labor
Social context
10
Background: AT & Context (2)
• Integrating History
and AT in Context
• Kaewnampornpan,
2005
Tools
Tools
Subject
Object
Outcome
History
of
context
at
Time1
Tools
Subject
S0
Rules
Object
S1Community
Transformation
Outcome
Se
Division of Labor
Process
Subject
Object
Rules
Rules
Time
Community
Community
Outcome
T1
Division of Labor
Division of Labor
Tn
Sn={AT1, ..,
ATn}
11
Use of AT to model context in
PML: example (1)
• Activity Model
Tools
• Mobile phone
• Communication structure
• Internet
• Police Learning
Scenario
• Current situation
• Investigation
Subject
Object
Outcome
Officer
Rules
• Regulations for
performing tasks
Community
• Teams
• Best practices
Division of Labor
• Position in team
• Level of authorisation
12
Use of AT to model context in
PML: example (2)
• Subject - Tools - Object
• The officer can use their
mobile to acquire information
and to evaluate about
situation and events
to achieve their goal
Subject
(evaluation of
Officer
catching murder,
result of investigation)
• Mobile phone
• Communication structure
• Internet
Tools
• Current situation
• Investigation
Object
Outcome
Rules
Community
Division of Labor
• Regulations for
performing tasks
• Teams
• Best practices
• Position in team
• Level of authorisation
13
Use of AT to model context in
PML: example (3)
• Subject – Community
Tools
• Mobile phone
• Communication structure
• Internet
- Division of Labour
• Each officer may provide
or access different
information to/from
member of the team
Officer
or other teams
depending on
the role of
that member
• Current situation
• Investigation
Subject
Rules
• Regulations for
performing tasks
Object
Community
Outcome
Division of Labor
• Teams
• Position in team
• Best practices • Level of authorisation 14
Architecture (1)
Community
Update
Community Model
Database
User Profiles
Database
User
Update
Context Model
Database
Ontologies
and
Learning Objects
Context
Update
Community
Retrieve
User
Retrieve
Context
Retrieve
Update Important
History
User Model and
Community Model
Web Service
Personalised
Information
Web Service
Community Model
Acquisition
Personalised Content
and Context Model
Acquisition
Context Model
Web Service
Server Side
Client Side
Community and Role Entry
User
Information
(User Entry)
Acquire information
(in xml format)
1
Location
(GPS)
Time,
Services and Tasks
15
Demo – Location Context
- Simulation and Location Context
• Acquire Position
Longitude,Latitude (x,y)
by GPS
• Map to Picture Image
• Send to Servers
xml
Web Services
16
Architecture (2)
Community
Update
User Profiles
Database
User
Update
4
Community Model
Database
2
2
2
Ontologies
and
Learning Objects
Context Model
Database
5
Context
Update
Community
Retrieve
User
Retrieve
Update Important
History
Context
Retrieve
6
User Model and
Community Model
Web Service
Personalised
Information
Web Service
Community Model
Acquisition
Personalised Content
and Context Model
Acquisition
3
Context Model
Web Service
Server Side
Client Side
4
Community and Role Entry
User
Information
(User Entry)
1
Location
(GPS)
Time,
Services and Tasks
17
Summary & Questions for Discussion
• Using Activity Theory to model the context
• Using Web Services provide seamless access web
content and adapt it to the device constraints
• How to model mobile learning context? – individual
tasks, current environment, community activity
• How to use context in a particular mobile learning
scenario for adaptation to users?
• Thank you!
18