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WEB HISTORY 1ST LECTURE 18, April, 2010 Baseer Ahmad Baheer © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University • 1990 was a momentous year in world events. • In February, Nelson Mandela was freed after 27 years in prison. • And in October, Germany was reunified. © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University • CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is where it all began in March 1989. A physicist, Tim Berners-Lee, wrote a proposal for information management showing how information could be transferred easily over the Internet by using hypertext, the now familiar point-and-click system of navigating through information. CERN The European Particle Physics Laboratory (initials originally from Conseil Europien pour la Recherche Nucliaire) © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University • Info.cern.ch was the address of the world's first-ever web site and web server. • The first web page address was: • http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Tim Berners-Lee's original World Wide Web browser © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Tim Berners-Lee's original WorldWideWeb browser in 1993 © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University • On 30 April 1993, CERN announced that the World Wide Web would be free to anyone . © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Read more... http://info.cern.ch/ © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University The World Wide Web is the combination of four basic ideas: Hypertext: a format of information which allows, in a computer environment, one to move from one part of a document to another or from one document to another through internal connections among these documents (called "hyperlinks"); © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Resource Identifiers: unique identifiers used to locate a particular resource (computer file, document or other resource) on the network - this is commonly known as a URL or URI. © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University • The Client-server model of computing: a system in which client software or a client computer makes requests of server software or a server computer that provides the client with resources or services, such as data or files . © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Markup language: characters or codes embedded in text which indicates structure, semantic meaning, or advice on presentation. © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University The Web Site Design and Development Process • Choose a focus, and keep it simple. • Delegate decision-making tasks. • Plan ahead and allow plenty of time to develop your web site. © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Doing your Homework and making education Decision: • Learn about and understand the common types of web site features and content. • Read case studies about how businesses, portals and organizations that are different form, and similar to, your own have created their sites. • Visit other web sites. • Compile a lost of competitors web sites that you’ll visit regularly. © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University • Research the kinds of skills that will be needed to develop your web site. • Research potential web site costs. • Seek advice from others who have experience with web projects. • Learn about current best practice and standards. © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Developing a Web site Style Guide: • Provide and promote consistency among all of the web site’s elements and content. • Include writing style guidelines and clear examples that show users how to maintain consistent written communication throughout the web site. • Include Instructions about content publication and permission. © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University • Include specification for the usage of graphics and multimedia. • Include guidelines for, and examples of, the use of logos and other branding elements. • Include Instructions for meeting, and text that addresses the company’s legal policies. © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Providing Accessible Content: • Provide helpful links to other web sites and resources. • Provide an accessible contact link. • Provide helpful shopping information. • Provide an Information privacy policy. © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Preparing Web Copy: • Write concise sentences. • Keep paragraphs short. • Use subheading to break up content. • Use list formatting when possible. • Provide a summary or overview of key points for longer articles before providing the details. • Avoid using all capitals for titles. • Keep layout and formatting to a minimum. • Minimize the use of alternative formats for text content. © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Preparing Images: • Select high quality images to support your site’s credibility. • Use photos that are in focus, are sharp, and exhibit good color contrast. • Respect and obtain proper web-use licensing for the use of any images that you don’t own. • Select illustrations, clipart, and other images that are sharp and have good color contrast. © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University • Remove or diminish busy backgrounds, if required, to target the image’s important aspects. • Prepare thumbnail images for larger images. • Resize images using a graphics program. © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Managing Like Magic: Effective Organization: • Break down your web site project into its major phases. • Within each major phase, create smaller, more manageable steps. • Create a realistic schedule. • Plan to update web site content regularly to keep it fresh and current. • Consider using helpful project management tools. © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Working Together as a Team: • Communicate clearly. • Keep are master plan and one master schedule. Make sure these documents are always current, accurate and accessible to all team members. • Be supportive. • Be Positive and dependable. • Be diplomatic and sensitive to others involved in the project. • Stay flexible . © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Process main phases © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Requirements definition © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Requirements definitionFunctional and non-functional • Functional requirements are observable tasks or processes that must be performed by the system under development. For example, for a web search engine, "must accurately parse boolean queries“. • Non-functional requirements are qualities or standards that the system under development must have or comply with, but which are not tasks that will be automated by the system. Example non-functional requirements for a system include: "system must run on Windows Server 2003"; "system must be secured against trojan attacks". © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Design © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University DesignApplication Map © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University DesignDatabase © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University DesignPage Structure © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Implementation © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Test © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University Any... References • http://woork.blogspot.com/2009/01/structured-processyou-must-know-to.html • Wiki Answers © 2010 Computer Science Faculty, Kabul University