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Quality of UK Cultural Websites:
evaluation
Kate Fernie
ICT Adviser (EU projects)
MLA
MLA
The Museums, Libraries and Archives Council is
the national development agency working for
and on behalf of museums, libraries and
archives
• provides strategic leadership
• acts an advocate
• develops capacity and
• promotes innovation and change
Quality principles for cultural websites
Celebrating European cultural diversity by
providing access to digital cultural content
for all
Transparent – Effective – Maintained – Accessible - Usercentred – Responsive - Multi-linguality – interoperable –
managed - preserved
User centered
People are not “disabled” they are disabled from using
websites
A usable website is one that can
be used to a desired level of ease
of use
Disabled People and the Web:
Web Accessibility in the Cultural Sector
Web audit commissioned by MLA from City
University:
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100 Museum websites
100 Library websites
100 Archive websites
Additionally: 25 International museum websites
Automated testing + user testing
Centre for HCI Design
Automated testing
325 homepages tested:
• Against W3C Web
Content Accessibility
Guidelines
http://www.w3.org/WAI
• Using WebXM
http://www.watchfire.com
Automated testing: findings
• 42% of MLA websites tested passed priority
1 (level A) automated checks
• 3% passed priority 2 (level AA)
…by 2005 all public sector websites need to
be accessible to disabled people to Level AA
Automated testing: findings
One homepage passed Priority 1, 2 and 3
(Level AAA) automated checks
•
BUT page flagged 32 manual warnings
Checks and warnings
1.1 Provide a text equivalent for
every non-text element (alt)
Automated checks:
HTML code (image)
Manual checks:
ensure description is
appropriate and helpful
Accessible?
• The average cultural
website homepage
presents disabled users
with over 40 automated
and manual violations
and
• 215.9 potential
instances of violations
User testing
User testing of 25 UK and
international websites by a user
panel of:
• Disabled people including
people who are blind, partially
sited or dyslexic
• Accessibility experts from City
University
User testing
• Each user looked at 4 websites
• 2 representative tasks per website:
– What time does the museum/library/archive open on a
Monday?
– What facilities does the museum/library/ archive
provide for disabled visitors?
• Using assistive technologies
• Success rates, problems, ease of use…
User testing: findings
• 189 accessibility incidents uncovered
• 22% not identified by automated testing
Key problems:
1. Orientation and navigation problems
2. Issues related to presentation of content
3. Alternative descriptions of images and other
media
User testing: findings
• 56% of user panel members felt ‘lost’ when
exploring the websites
– Poorly named links that lead to unexpected
content
– Inconsistent means of navigating around the
site (links, navigation bars, images as active
links, icons…)
User centered?
Website with problems…
User testing: findings
• Blind, partially sighted and dyslexic users
failed 24% of the tasks they were asked to do:
– Blind users failed 33% of tasks
– Archive web sites produced more task failures
– Archive web sites performed better in the
automated tests
Effective?
Website audit: conclusions
• Cultural institutions need to improve their
website accessibility (in UK and overseas)
• BUT the results of this audit are BETTER
than a survey of 1000 UK public websites by
the Disability Rights Commission
• Those websites that followed NOF technical
guidelines would have performed better
Recommendations
• Accessibility should be integral
• Cultural institutions should develop policies,
plans and targets to improve
– Involve disabled people in design and testing
– Make online collections accessible to specific
groups of disabled people
• It is important to promote good practice and
develop guidance
Jodi Mattes Access Award
http://www.nmm.ac.uk/
Find out more
Full web accessibility audit report available from
April 12th 2004:
http://www.mla.gov.uk/action/learnacc/00access_03.asp
[email protected]