Transcript The Universe

The Universe
The Universe is…..
• All matter, including earth,
galaxies, and intergalactic
space.
Big Bang
• An idea about how the universe
could have formed.
• The Big Bang Theory says that the
universe was originally a dense ball
of matter. An explosion occurred
and all matter is moving outward from
the center and is still moving outward
and expanding today.
Evidence for the Big Bang Theory
• Doppler Effect- Expansion of the
Universe
• Microwave Radiation- energy that is
given off by all objects in space. The
energy could be left over from the Big
Bang.
• Quasars- old objects at the edge of
the universe.
Doppler Effect
• The Doppler Effect is the apparent
change in wavelength of light or
sound when an object is moving
towards or away from you.
How the Doppler Effect Works
• If a train comes towards you, its sound
waves get compressed and get shorter.
You hear a higher pitch. If it moves
away from you, the wavelength
stretches, and you hear a lower pitch.
The Doppler Effect also applies to light
• If an object in space is moving
towards us, its wavelength shortens,
and the light shifts towards the blue
end of the color spectrum.
• If an object is moving away from us,
its wavelength lengthens, and the
light shifts towards the red end of the
color spectrum.
Shortermoving
towards
us
Longermoving
away
from us
What the Doppler Effect shows us…
Matter in the universe has a RED SHIFT,
which shows it is moving away from us.
Therefore, it appears that the universe is
expanding. The Big Bang could have
caused this expansion.
What do Quasars indicate….
• If the Big Bang really
happened, the oldest
objects should be at
the edge of the
universe.
• Quasars are very old
objects that give off
large amounts of
energy located at the
edge of the Universe.
Galaxies
• After the Big Bang, Gravity attracted
objects to each other, and they
clumped together to form GALAXIES.
• There are three types of Galaxies:
Spiral, Elliptical, and Irregular.
Spiral Galaxies
• Have spiral shapes. Contain lots of
dust and gas between stars.
Elliptical Galaxies
• Shaped like a
football.
• “Clean” galaxies:
Very little dust and
gas.
• Have no
specific
shape.
Contain
some dust
and gas.
Irregular Galaxies
Hubble Telescope
• Hubble telescope a telescope that orbits
the earth outside our atmosphere.
• It provides us with many of the images we
have of space.
• It is an especially useful telescope
because it does not have to view things
through our atmosphere
• The
Milky
Way
Our Sun is
just a small
star in its
main
sequence
among
millions of
other stars in
our galaxy!!!
Jupiter
Crab Nebula
The Sombrero Galaxy - 28 million light years from Earth - was voted
best picture taken by the Hubble telescope.
It has 800 billion suns and is 50,000 light years across
The Ant Nebula, a cloud of dust and gas who resembles an
ant when observed using ground-based telescopes. The
nebula lies within our galaxy between 3,000 and 6,000 light
years from Earth
This picture is called Eskimo because it looks like a face
surrounded by a furry hood. The hood is, in fact, a ring of cometshaped objects flying away from a dying star.
Cat's Eye
Nebula
The
Hourglass
Nebula, 8,000
light years
away, has a
pinched-in-themiddle look
because the
winds that
shape it are
weaker at the
center
• Cone
Nebula The
part pictured
here is 2.5
light years in
length (the
equivalent
of 23 million
return trips
to the Moon)
• The Perfect Storm, a small region in the Swan
Nebula, 5,500 light years away, described as 'a
bubbly ocean of hydrogen and small amounts of
oxygen, sulphur and other elements'
• Starry Night, so named because it reminded
astronomers of the Van Gogh painting. It is a
halo of light around a star in the Milky Way
• The glowering eyes from 114 million light years
away are the swirling cores of two merging
galaxies called NGC 2207 and IC 2163 in the
distant Canis Major constellation
• The Trifid
Nebula. A
'stellar
nursery',
9,000
light
years
from
here, it is
where
new stars
are being
born
International Space Station