Chapter 9x - HCC Learning Web
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Transcript Chapter 9x - HCC Learning Web
A POCKET
GUIDE TO
PUBLIC
SPEAKING
5TH EDITION
Chapter 9
Finding Credible Sources in Print and Online
Use a Library Portal
to Access Credible Sources
Library portal
Electronic entry point into library’s holdings
Resources selected by trained professionals
Reliable and credible information
Part of the deep Web
Inaccessible by search engines
Typical Resources Found
on Library Portals
Full-text databases
General reference works
Books and monographs
Archives and special collections
Digital collections
Video collections
Be a Critical Consumer
of Online Information
Search engines cannot discern quality.
Ask yourself:
Who posted this information, and why?
What are the source’s qualifications?
Where is similar information found?
Is this information timely?
Recognize Propaganda, Misinformation,
and Disinformation
Information
Data presented in an understandable context
Example: vital signs
Propaganda
Information represented to provoke a response
Example: military posters encouraging enlistment
Recognize Propaganda, Misinformation,
and Disinformation (cont.)
Misinformation
Something that is not true
Example: urban legends
Disinformation
Deliberate falsification of information
Example: doctored photographs
Investigate a Mix of Primary
and Secondary Sources
Primary sources
Provide firsthand account or direct evidence
Secondary sources
Provide analysis or commentary
Not directly observed or created
Explore Primary Sources:
Access Digital Collections
Nearly all libraries have digital collections that
include the following:
Oral histories
Letters
Newspapers
Photographs
Paintings
Audio and video recordings
Explore Primary Sources: Consider
Personal Knowledge and Experience
Sharing personal experiences can increase
authenticity and credibility.
Personal knowledge can play a small or large role
in your speech, depending on how directly
involved you are in your topic.
Explore Primary Sources:
Conduct Interviews
Conduct interviews.
Prepare questions in advance.
Word questions carefully.
Avoid vague questions.
Avoid leading questions.
Aim to create neutral questions.
Explore Primary Sources:
Conduct Interviews (cont.)
Establish a spirit of collaboration.
Express respect for the interviewee’s expertise.
Summarize your topic and informational needs.
State a reasonable goal.
Establish a time limit.
Explore Primary Sources:
Conduct Interviews (cont.)
Use active listening strategies.
Don’t break in.
Don’t interject with leading comments.
Paraphrase the interviewee’s answers where
appropriate.
Seek clarification and elaboration when
necessary.
Explore Primary Sources:
Conduct Interviews (cont.)
End by rechecking and confirming.
Check that your topics were covered.
Positively summarize what you learned.
Offer to send the interviewee the results.
Explore Primary Sources:
Distribute Surveys
Conduct surveys.
Tool for investigating audience attitudes
Primary source material
Effective source for topics focused on
the attitudes and behaviors of people
in your immediate environment
Explore Secondary Sources
Most likely secondary sources
Books, newspapers, periodicals, government
publications
Reference works (encyclopedias, almanacs, etc.)
Internet sources (blogs, social news sites)
Wikipedia
Material on Wikipedia is unreliable.
Anyone can edit Wikipedia at any time.
You can use Wikipedia as a jumping-off point for
further research – as long as you evaluate the
credibility of articles to which it links.
Never cite Wikipedia as a source in your speech.
Blogs and Social News Sites
These sites can be unreliable.
You should only cite blogs and social news sites
that are affiliated with reputable organizations.
Evaluating Web Pages
Seek out the most reliable websites on the
topic.
Examine the domain of the web address.
The suffix at the end of the address that tells you
the nature of the site.
Examples: Government (.gov), Education (.edu), Military
(.mil), business/commercial (.com)
Evaluating Web Pages (cont.)
Tilde (~) in the address indicates a personal
page.
Check the date when the page was placed on
the Web. See if current.
Websites without dates may contain outdated or
inaccurate material.
Evaluating Web Pages (cont.)
Check for trustworthy sources.
Verify the information found with at least two other
independent, reputable sources.