Transcript GALILEO
GALILEO from Pioneer Astronomers By Navin Sullivan Vocabulary- Galileo • Apparatus- a piece of equipment that has a particular use • Extraordinary- unusual or amazing • Constellation-group of stars that form shapes in the sky • Celestial- relating to the sky • Interrogation- questioning Spelling Words • • • • • • • • • • Scrape Favor Layer Great Stale Praise Sleigh Reins Danger Hasty • • • • • • • • • • Neighbor Daily Straight Eight Explain Sailors Wavy Crazy Amazed bathed Galileo heard from his neighboring pupil • Galileo Galilei lived in Italy and was a professor of Mathmatics in 1609. He heard from Paris about a great device that was called a Dutch cylinder or Dutch Perspective. He hastily assembled the materials to make his own Perspective or telescope • This straight tube used a concave lens and a convex lens to make objects far away seem larger- sort of like eyeglass lenses He was very excited • Galileo began to re- make the apparatus as it had been described • He realized it had extraordinary potential to the scientists of the world • He got a tube of lead and made a crude telescope. Later he used a tube of wood • He knew that this tube could make him a lot of money, praise and help the world He could see very far away • His new invention could be used by sailors to spot far away ships on the horizon • He took his invention to the Venetian Senate and showed them how to look out to sea • They could see the ships and were very happy with his new invention • They favored him with a raise in his salary Galileo knew he could also look out at the stars • He increased the magnification of the telescope to 30 times the size by changing the lens shape just a little scraping of the glass • Years earlier the entire town had seen something great in the night sky that made them wonder more about the stars- they had seen a new star • They knew finally that the sky could change and new stars could be seen- the telescope could help explain the stars to man Galileo looked at the moon • He could see the moon lit on one side by the sun. He could tell there was a sunrise and a sunset on the moon, like earth • This meant that the moon rotated and also went around the sun, just like earth • He also saw wavy bumps and dark spots on the surface. He then realized the moon had mountains, just like earth Galileo was curious • He continued to look out at the moon and make daily observations and calculations about it and it’s many layers • He wondered if there was life or air or was it dead? How could he explain it? • He wondered how the rest of the world would accept his observations about celestial bodies they feared? He explored all of the sky • He saw many new stars never seen before • He saw that the constellations of Orion contained not eight or 9 stars but 89 stars • He saw the Milky Way was a belt of stars way too many to count- the sky was bathed in the glow of so many stars • The old stale theories about the heavens were going away He found Jupiter • He observed Jupiter, the largest planet • He noted there were bright lights like stars that moved around Jupiter • He determined they were moons, just like earth’s moon • He published his findings in a book called Messenger from the Stars • He had told the world that the earth was just part of a large universe of stars and other celestial bodies Galileo amazed everyone • Galileo’s findings also scared many • People praised him for his findings, but many favored him crazy • The church thought there was great danger in having so much knowledge • Galileo’s findings showed that the earth was not the center of the universe, as proof of Copernicus’ theories of 70 years earlier He stated that the earth circled the sun • This angered the Church of Rome • At first they warned him to keep quiet • A new Pope was elected in 1633 and finally they held an Inquisition and claimed he was in defiance of the Church teachings • He was an old tired man and he decided it was better to stay silent • Almost 100 years later in 1728, James Bradley finally proved Galileo’s theories