Transcript Science Extra Credit: Global Warming Video

Dr. Dan Schrag
Video
By: K. Prakken
Quiz One Questions:
1.
Who was the first scientist to conduct an
experiment to measure modern day CO2 levels in
the Earth’s atmosphere ?
2.
Where were these measurements taken and why?
3.
Why is Venus important?
4.
How much sunlight is reflected off of Earth’s
surface compared to Venus’?
5.
What would happen if Venus had the same
atmosphere as Earth?
Quiz One Answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
David Keeling
Mauna Loa, Hawaii – middle of the Pacific where
air is more pure
Less sunlight reaches Venus’ surface than
reaches Earth (Venus’ surface is highly reflective;
it has no oceans) , but with 99% CO2 in its
atmosphere compared to Earth’s .038%, Venus’s
greenhouse effect is so powerful, it’s a run-away
effect.
30% off of Earth’s surface; most off of Venus’
Venus would be a lot colder because it would
have too tiny a greenhouse effect to compensate
for its highly reflective surface.
Quiz Two Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What happens to a main sequence star
over time?
What has happened to CO2 levels in the
atmosphere as the sun has brightened
over time?
In the natural carbon cycle, what are the
two sources of CO2 on Earth?
What does the planet’s temperature do to
the rate of CO2 formation?
What affect does burning fossil fuel have
on the carbon cycle?
Quiz Two Answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A main sequence star, like our Sun,
grows brighter over time
CO2 levels have decreased
Volcanoes and Calcium Carbonate
Heat usually increases chemical
reactions, e.g. the rate at which CO2
forms
Adds CO2 to atmosphere faster than the
Earth’s natural systems – the carbon
cycle – can remove. The result: fast rising
levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Quiz Three Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is a Foraminifera?
What are the characteristics of Isotopes
of Oxygen?
Which kind of oxygen do chemicals that
bond with oxygen prefer—O18 or O16?
What is the current deep ocean
temperature, and how does that compare
to the last really hot period (the Eocene?)
Quiz Three Answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
A foraminifera is a tiny climate-sensitive
organism that produces shells of calcium
carbonate. Scientists examine the chemistry of
their shells to reconstruct ancient climate and
environments.
8 protons, 8 neutrons=oxygen-16; some oxygen
has extra neutrons
Prefers O-18 because it has more mass and bonds
are stronger
Deep ocean temperature is 2 degrees Celsius
today; was 12 degrees Celsius during really warm
period 35 million years ago (Eocene)
Quiz Four Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What are the uses of Oxygen Isotopes?
What was the last time in history when
CO2 levels were probably above 500ppm?
What was Greenland like at the time of
the Eocene?
What was the climate of Wyoming during
the Eocene?
In Antarctica?
Quiz Four Answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The ratio of different Oxygen Isotopes are used
to reconstruct ancient temperatures. They also
tell us about the amount of ice there was on
Earth since lighter isotopes evaporate from the
sea and thus are found in ice sheets, while
heavier isotopes remain in the shells of deep
ocean organisms.
The Eocene.
Crocodiles.
Palm Trees.
Pine Forests.
Quiz Five Questions:
1. The circulation of oceans (the deep
ocean conveyer belt) is driven by
what factors?
2. What would happen to Europe’s
climate if the conveyer belt shut
down?
3. What was misleading about the
movie The Day After Tomorrow?
4. What surface on Earth heats up and
cools down faster, land or ocean?
Quiz Five Answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Temperature (hot or cold masses of water) and
density(how salty or fresh is the water). Cold and
salty water is the densest, and thus sinks the
deepest – thus powering the conveyor belt
Fresher water (from melting ice) will not be as
dense
No global ice age would be triggered. Europe
would get a bit colder, but it’s weather is also
determined by southerly (warm) winds. Eastern
North America would not get colder because its
weather comes from the continent, not the
ocean.
The temperature of land changes quickly since it
can not retain heat or cold; the temperature of
oceans and water changes slowly.
Global Warming:
Global Warming is a serious issue and
is worsening everyday we put off
action. We all must pull together
and help to make sure that global
warming is stopped before we can’t
do anything. Join the fight against
global warming and help make the
world a better place for everyone.