Transcript Regents Review #1

Focus 6/2
The study of global history can be broken down into categories:
Economics, Politics/Government, Social, Ecology, and Geography.
Economists, archeologists, geographers, historians, anthropologists,
and ecologists all play a role in the study of global history. Global
history is a complex dissection of how the world works and the past
connections that got us here.
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Fields of Study
-Economics
-Anthropology
-Geography
-Sociology
-Archeology
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Economists – study of goods and services – who gets what,
when, and how in a society
Traditional Economy – simple economy based on barter,
agriculture, and customs
Command Economy – Economy where the government makes
decisions on what gets produced
Free Market – Economy based on supply and demand where
the consumers decide what gets produced
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Anthropology – study of human culture
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Geography – study of Earth’s physical features
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Sociology – study of society
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Archeology – study of civilizations through artifacts
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Archeologist Mary Leakey believes human life began in the
Great Rift Valley of East Africa
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Paleolithic Era
- Nomads
- Simple tools and weapons
- Buried dead with great care,
showing they believed in an afterlife
- Migration led to cultural diffusion,
or the exchange of ideas and
customs
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Neolithic Revolution
- First major turning point in
human history
- Start of farming
- Domestication of animals
- Start of farming villages
- Leads to a surplus of food
- Eventually, civilizations form
Focus 6/5
The Neolithic Revolution brought on agriculture, domestication of
animals, and the start of villages. Eventually, these villages became
major civilizations. These civilizations centered around rivers. The first
four river valleys were located by the Nile in Egypt, Tigris and
Euphrates in Mesopotamia, Indus and Ganges in India, and the
Huang He and Yangzi in China.
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Eight Features (Elements) of Civilization
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Early River Valley Civilizations
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Egypt – Nile River
- Many Natural Barriers (ie Sahara Desert)
- Built Pyramids as tombs
- Polytheistic (believed in many gods)
- Nile River flooded predictably
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Mesopotamia – Tigris and
Euphrates Rivers
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Fertile Crescent
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Limited natural barriers lead to
war, trade, and migration (cultural
diffusion)
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Early Sumerians developed into
political units known as city-states
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Babylonians – established first
written law codes – Hammurabi’s
Code
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India – Indus and Ganges Rivers
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Known as a subcontinent
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Peninsula
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Surrounded by many natural
barriers like Thar Desert and
Himalaya Mountains
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Two main cities Harappa and
Mohenjo-Daro showed advanced
urban planning
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Khyber Pass often used as an
invasion route between mountains
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Monsoons or seasonal winds
brought rain in the summer
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China – Huang He (Yellow River)
and Yangzi Rivers
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Isolated by mountains, deserts,
jungles, and an ocean
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Isolation causes China to be
ethnocentric (belief that their
culture is superior to everyone
else)
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Called themselves “Middle
Kingdom”
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Veneration of Ancestors
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Mandate of Heaven/Dynastic
Cycle
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Bantu Migrations of
Africa
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Bantu people migrate
from West Africa in
search of new lands for
grazing and settlements
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Slash and Burn farming
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About one third of all
Africans speak a
language in the Bantu
family
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