Transcript Normal Nutrition and Development

Normal Nutrition and
Development
Childhood
Why nutrition in childhood?
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Promote Health
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Illness rare in children
Malnutrition to degree that affects current health
is rare in this country
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Failure to thrive
Long term prevention of disease
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Cholesterol levels
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> 240 mg/dl in text
Why nutrition in childhood?
“Nutrition is a necessary
but not sufficient factor
for normal
development.”
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Physical development
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Mental development
and learning
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Psychosocial
development
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Cultural components
Brown and Pollitt
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SES
Maternal characteristics
Education
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Quality
Quantity
Physical development
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Growth
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Sexual Maturation
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Activity
Mental development and learning
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Micronutrient levels
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Iron
Lead <10 ug/dl
Zinc
Sugar ?
Meals, esp. breakfast
Psychosocial development
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Food habits
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Effect of nutrition on personal interactions
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Family interactions
Cultural components
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Food patterns
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Ethnic differences
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Attitudes and beliefs
Health beliefs in food choice
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For mothers choosing food for children: most
important factor was health
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Taste
Disease prevention
If choosing food for themselves switch taste and
health
For children: taste and health
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Pick health: ate less candy
Pick taste: more fruit and less protein
Fruit and veg. consumption
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Child’s fruit intake:
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Child’s vegetable intake:
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mothers nutrition knowledge,
mother’s consumption,
mother’s belief reduces risk of cancer
Child’s preference
Mother concern for disease prevention
Candy: mother’s intake and child’s health concern
Fruit and veg. consumption
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Child’s fruit intake:
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Child’s vegetable intake:
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mothers nutrition knowledge,
mother’s consumption,
mother’s belief reduces risk of cancer
Child’s preference
Mother concern for disease prevention
Candy: mother’s intake and child’s health concern
Adolescent physical development
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Sexual maturation
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Tanner stages
Growth velocity, stage 2 girls, stage 3 boys
Associated with weight
Iron
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Inc hemoglobin in boys
Inc blood loss in girls
Adolescent physical development
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Calcium
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Peak bone mass
Soft drinks and caffeine
Bone fractures
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Associated with Ca intake and activity
Teen intake
Boys
Girls
Grains
9.3 / 8.2
6.4 / 5.9
Vegetables
Fruits
3.7/3.5
1.4/1.1
2.7/2.8
1.3/1.1
Milk
2.6/1.7
1.6/1.1
Meat
5.9/6.3
3.4/4.8
26, 16/ 28, 20
25, 21/ 27, 18
Pyramid tip % cal
Mental development and learning
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Agression associated with poor nutritional
status.
Bullying and being bullied are opposite sides
of same behavior and associated with being
overweight
Obese girls are more likely to get pregnant
as teens and drop out of school
Psychosocial development
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Food habits
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Boys: high self efficacy low sugar and fat
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Good diet: # meals, # snacks, food from home, parental
influence
Snacks: associated with sugar intake
Fat: sugar and cafeteria meals
Girls:
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Good diet: physical activity and # meals
Sugar score; snacks, low self efficacy, cafeteria meals
Fat: fast food and cafeteria meals
Psychosocial development
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Family interactions: more sure could eat well if ate
with families
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1/3 ate with families 7+ times
1/3 < 2 meals/week
Mean 4.7
One parent in room every day at dinner 26.5
52% had TV on during meals
60% could make something else
22% made dinner
Food choices
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Barriers to better eating (F & V)
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Lack of sense of urgency about health
Taste preferences
Suggestions for better diet
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Healthful foods look and taste better
Limit options
Healthful food more available
Male it cool to eat healthy
Does bringing up children with
good food habits help?
Longitudinal study, no
association with time.
What does diet mean?
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Dieting is thinking about healthy eating and
activity
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Trying to change
It’s not a diet if you do it already
Binge eating is eating too much junk
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In older girls associated with guilt
Not always associated with vomiting
Food guidance
Age 2-3
Milk
½c
Meat
1-2oz
Veg
Age 4-6
4-5 ½-1/3 c
Age 7-12
3-4
½-1c
3-4
1-2 oz
2
2 oz
3-4
2-3 T 4-5
3-4 T
4-5
¼-1/2 c 4-5
Fruit
2-4 T 4-5
4-6 T
4-5
¼-1/2 c 4-5
Bread
½-1
1
3-4
2
3-4
1
4-5
Food Guide Pyramid for kids
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http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/KidsPyra/
Ages 2-6
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Age adjusted portion sizes
Milk and meat 2 servings each
Fruits 2 and vegetables 3
Breads 6