Transcript Chapter 15: Genetic Engineering

Chapter 15: Genetic Engineering
Selective Breeding
What is Selective Breeding?
• Breeding animals with desired traits for future
generations
• Examples:
– Hybridization (Examples?)
• Bringing different organisms together to bring out best traits
• Allows for disease resistant organisms to be created
– Inbreeding (Examples?)
• Breeding organisms with similar characteristics
• Problem: Genetic disorders occur after continual inbreeding
How can we increase genetic
variation?
• Biotechnology
– Using technological processes or devices on living
organisms
– Examples:
• Mutations
– Radiation and chemicals to change bacteria
• Drugs
– Allow plants to keep extra chromosomes which make survival better
What is Recombinant DNA?
• DNA created by combining DNA from different places
• What are uses of it?
– Allows scientists to change the genetic code of an
organism
– Brings in the idea of transgenics
• Organisms with genes from other organisms
• Clones
– Creating an adult organisms from a single cell of another adult organism
– First multicellular organism clones was Dolly the sheep in 1997
Chapter 15: Genetic Engineering
Applications of Genetic Engineering
Agriculture and Industry
• GM Crops
– Genetically modified crops
– Plants that have pesticides in them
• Harmless to humans
• Slows rotting and spoiling of plants
• GM Animals
– Genetically modified animals
– Cows that have genes to help produced more milk
– Growth hormones to create bigger animals with more
meat
Health and Medicine
• Preventing Disease
– Gene Therapy
• Changing someone’s genes to get rid of disease
– Golden Rice
• Contains Provitamin A
• Helps vision in infants
– Transgenic Animals
• Contain human proteins