Transcript a) Hybridization/Crossbreeding

How does genetic engineering compare and
contrast to selective breeding?
Selective Breeding/
Artificial Selection
1) What is Breeding?
To produce offspring
2) What is meant by being
Selective?
What music do
you like?
The power to choose or
pick out from among others.
3) Can you now define Selective
Breeding?
The process of choosing a few organisms
with desirable traits to serve as the parents
of the next generation.
4) Types of Selective Breeding:
a) Hybridization/Crossbreeding: is the process of
crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the
best of both organisms.
+
Real Example of Hybridization:
Hybrid
+
Horse
Big, Fast,
Excitable
=
Donkey
Small, Slow,
Calm
Mule
Strong, Endurance,
Calm
The hybrid is often stronger and hardier than its parents:
Hybrid Vigor
Real Example of Hybridization:
Burbank’s hybrid crosses combined
the disease resistance of one plant
with the food-producing capacity
of another.
1872 - American horticulturist Luther Burbank (1849-1926)
developed a special potato. Burbank, while trying to
improve the Irish potato, developed a hybrid that was more
disease resistant. He introduced the Burbank potato to
Ireland to help combat the blight epidemic.
Types of Selective Breeding
b) Inbreeding: is the continued breeding of organisms
with similar characteristics.
Breeders try to maintain
certain characteristics.
Inbreeding:
Advantages:
- desirable traits, like resistance to
disease or strength of an organism, are
collected.
Disadvantages:
-recessive disorders tend to increase.
Risks of Inbreeding:
What is a Recessive
Disorder?
An inherited disorder that occurs
when theoffspring receives a
“bad” gene from eachparent.
Nn x Nn  nn is possible
This is a genetic disease that mainly
affects Jewish people of Eastern
European descent. 1 out of 27 Jews
are carriers for this disease.
Tay-Sachs Disease
Types of Selective Breeding:
c) Mass Selection: is choosing the best plants and
animals from a large number for further breeding.
5) What are some benefits
of selective breeding?
1)Produce crops resistant to
disease.
2) Produce crops that are bigger.
3)Produce animals that have
less fat.
4) Seedless fruit!!!
6) Genetic Engineering vs.
Selective Breeding:
Genetic engineering requires
the altering of genes
to get desired characteristics.
Selective Breeding utilizes
natural reproduction to get
desired characteristics.