Transcript Diseases of Respiratory System

Diseases of Respiratory
System
Sam Biller, Jeremy Oliver,
Fallon McKeon, Andy Cirioli
Doctors Specializing in Respiratory
System
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Pulmonologist - the subspecialty of internal medicine
concerned with diseases of the lungs and bronchial tubes,
Anatomy - the upper respiratory tract (nose, pharynx and
throat) and the heart.
Respiratory Therapist - the health care discipline that
specializes in the promotion of optimum cardiopulmonary
function and health
What they do? - Apply scientific principles to prevent,
identify, and treat acute or chronic dysfunction of the
cardiopulmonary system
Atelectasis
Definition – collapse of part or all of the lung
Cause – A blockage of air passages or pressure on the
outside of the lung
Mucus that plugs the airway
Pressure on the lung (Pleural effusion)
Tumors that block an airway
Symptoms - Breathing difficulty, Chest Pain, after
surgery
Tests – Chest CT scan, Chest X-ray, Bronchoscopy
Atelectasis
Treatment - Re-expand the collapsed lung tissue.
Procedures - Clap on the chest, deep breathing
exercises, Remove or relieve any blockage in
the airways, postural drainage, treat a tumor.
Acute Bronchitis
Acute Bronchitis
Treatment
Symptoms start 3-4 days, get better 2-3 weeks, some
more than 4 weeks
Drink plenty of fluids
Cough Medicine
Cough drops or hard candies for sore throat
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Emphysema/ Chronic Bronchitis (Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease)
Progessive Disease
Definition – Hard for patient to breathe
Causes? – Smokers, Past Smokers, Exposed to Air pollution,
chemical fumes, dust , Exposed to Smokers
The airways and alveoli less elastic
The walls between the alveoli are destroyed
The walls of the airways inflamed
The airways clogged up with excess mucus
The spherical air sacs turn into large, irregular pockets with
gaping holes in their inner walls.
Symptoms - Shortness of breath, feeling tired, frequent chest
infections, coughing up mucus
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COPD
Treatment – No cure, treatments and lifestyle changes
can slow the diseases and manage the disease
Examples: Surgery, Oxygen Therapy, Bronchodilators
Goal – Relieve Symptoms, Slow the disease, Stay
active, Prevent and treat complications, Improve
overall health
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aktIMBQ
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Cystic Fibrosis
An inherited disease of the secretory glands (Mucus and Sweat)
Mucus - thick and sticky; builds up in your lungs and blocks your airways.
Buildup of Mucus: easy for bacteria to grow, leads to repeated, serious lung
infections
Sinusitis an infection of the sinuses. Can cause bronchitis and pneumonia
Cause: Defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
(CFTR) gene
CFTR Responsibility: to make a protein that controls the movement of salt and
water in and out of your body's cells
Autosomal recessive pattern - Each person inherits two CFTR genes, a person
needs to inherit both to be infected, but one to be a carrier
Cystic Fibrosis
Most common in white people of Northern European ancestry
Could occur in Hispanics, African-Americans and some Native
Americans.
Rare people of Asian and Middle Eastern origin
Pre-Diagnose: Sweat Test and Genetic Test
Post Diagnose: Imaging Tests and Lung Function Test
Treatment: No cure
Antibiotics, Mucus thinning drugs and Bronchodilators
Goal: Prevent and Control lung infections , Loosening and
removing mucus from lungs
Cystic Fibrosis
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Mutations in the CFTR gene cause cystic fibrosis. The CFTR gene provides instructions for making a channel that transports
negatively charged particles called chloride ions into and out of cells. Chloride is a component of sodium chloride, a common salt
found in sweat. Chloride also has important functions in cells; for example, the flow of chloride ions helps control the movement of
water in tissues, which is necessary for the production of thin, freely flowing mucus.
Mutations in the CFTR gene disrupt the function of the chloride channels, preventing them from regulating the flow of chloride ions
and water across cell membranes. As a result, cells that line the passageways of the lungs, pancreas, and other organs produce
mucus that is unusually thick and sticky. This mucus clogs the airways and various ducts, causing the characteristic signs and
symptoms of cystic fibrosis.
Other genetic and environmental factors likely influence the severity of the condition. For example, mutations in genes other than
CFTR might help explain why some people with cystic fibrosis are more severely affected than others. Most of these genetic
changes have not been identified, however.
Asthma
Chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways
Who it affects? Everyone, but mostly starts at childhood
No Exact Cause, but assumptions:
• Atopy - An inherited tendency to develop allergies
• Parents who have asthma
• Certain respiratory infections during childhood
• Contact with some airborne allergens or exposure to some viral infections in infancy or in
early childhood when the immune system is developing
• The Hygiene Hypothesis
Symptoms:
•Coughing
•Wheezing
•Shortness of breath
•Chest tightness
Trigger Actions:
•Allergens from dust, animal fur, cockroaches, mold, and pollens from trees,
•Irritants like cigarette smoke, air pollution, chemicals or dust in the workplace
•Medicines
•Sulfites in foods and drinks
•Viral upper respiratory infections
•Physical activity
Asthma
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Treatment: No cure, but a person with asthma can live normal, active lives and sleep through
the night without interruption
Diagnoses: Lung Function Test, Physical Exam
Work Cited
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000065.htm
http://www.webmd.com/lung/tc/acute-bronchitis-topic-overview
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/141287.php
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/emphysema/DS00296
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/atl/treatment.html
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/asthma/signs.html
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/asthma/
http://www.medicinenet.com/cystic_fibrosis/page8.htm#what_is_the_outlook_for_cystic_fibrosis
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cystic-fibrosis
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/asthma/DS00021
http://www.lung.org/lung-disease/bronchitis-chronic/understanding-chronic-bronchitis.html