Transcript 20150123101490x

*
Chapters 11-12
* True-breeding
* Hybridization
* P generation
* F1 generation
* F2 generation
* Alleles
* Dominant
* Recessive
* Homozygous
* Heterozygous (hybrid)
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* Law of segregation
* Law of independent assortment
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* http://www.bozemanscience.com/probabilityin-genetics
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* Complete dominance
* Incomplete dominance
* Codominance
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* Maybe recessive at organismal level, but
codominant at molecular level
* Ex. Tay Sachs
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* Blood types
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* Genes may have multiple phenotypic effects
* Ex. Sickle cells, cystic fibrosis
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* A gene at one locus affects a gene at another
locus
* Ex. Labrador retrievers p 217
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* Many genes involved
* Ex. Human skin color and height
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* Multifactorial-may include genetic and
environmental factors
* Ex. Heart disease, diabetes, cancer, alcholism,
mental illnesses
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*
* To wed a cousin or not to wed, that is the
question…
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* Albinism
* Cystic fibrosis 1/2500 of European descent (4%
are carriers)
* Sickle Cell Anemia (1/400 African Americans) (2
allelesfull blown, but organismal levelincompletely dominant; heterozygotes have
sickle trait-but may have trouble when oxygen
low; molecularcodominant)
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* Huntington’s
Choreahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65xf
1olEpQM
* Achondroplasia
* Polydactyly
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* Sutton, Boveri, et.al
* Mendelian genes have specific loci along
chromosomes, and it is the chromosomes that
undergo segregation and independent
assortment
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* Fly guy-Drosophila melanogaster
* Great experimental organism
* Small, large # of offspring, short life span, 8
chromosomes, easily observed traits
Phenotype most commonly observed in natural
populations~wild type; alternatives~mutant
phenotypes
Invented notation – use letter of first mutant
discovered and wild is indicated with +
So, red eyes are dominant and the wild type: w+
White eyes were first mutant: w
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*
* SRY-sex determining region of the Y
* Y-linked
* X-linked
*
*
* Males can’t be carriers
* Males get it from Mom
* Males have it more often
* Color blindness
* Hemophilia-Royal disease (Queen Victoria)
* Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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* One of the X chromosomes is inactivated in
embryonic development
* Barr Body (Mary Lyon found it is random)-leads
to a mosaic
* Tortoiseshell cat
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* Attach methyl groups to DNA
* On one X, XIST (X-inactive specific transcript)
becomes activemakes RNA product that
attaches to one andBarr body
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* http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_UcDhzjOio
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* Abnormal chromosome number
* Nondisjunction in anaphase I or II
* Monosomy
* Trisomy
* Polyploid
* Down syndrome
* Klinefelter
* Turner
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* Deletion
* Duplication
* Inversion
* Translocation
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* Cri du chat deletion of part of #5
* CML- chronic myelogenous leukemia reciprocal
translocation between #9 and #22-shortened
22Philadelphia chromosome
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* Angelmans syndrome
http://www.angelman.org/understandingas/diagnosis/
* Prader-Willi’s
syndromehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nzi5Rc4wY
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* Decade of the genome:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fgq-XoyorWY
* Hemophilia –the royal disease:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bmQwMllhCUM
* Other disorders:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0dDhKFk2HU&li
st=PL199EFC951657FAA4&index=4
* Williams syndrome
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gF4DiqEdN3w
http://www.jeansforgenesday.org/disorders/children
sfilms