Transcript Genetic Engineering

Genetic Engineering
How Will This Benefit the 21st
Century?
What is Genetic Engineering?
• Is the process of taking genes and
segments of DNA from a organism and
putting that segment into another
organism
• Modifies the genetic makeup of the
organism
• Is irreversible and then offspring will
possess this DNA
Different Types of Engineering
Hybridization: the result of interbreeding
between two animals or plants and
between different species within the same
organism
• Was used by farmers without knowing it to
increase food production
Recombinant DNA: gene is removed from one
organism and inserted into another organism
• Uses restriction enzymes, which cuts DNA
strands at exact spots
• With a ligase enzyme, the fragment created
can then be added to a similarly treated DNA
molecule from another organism
• The resulting DNA molecules that contain
genetic material from two different organisms
are called recombinant-DNA molecules
Polymerase Chain Reaction: allows
scientists to make lots of copies of a gene
• done two short single chains of DNA, are
artificially made so that each chain is able
to attach to only one end or the other of a
specific gene
• The gene between this can then be
replicated
Treatment and Medicines
• People are developing tests that can
identify patient with a way to find a
particular disease to give them a chance
to avoid getting sick
• They are already promising health care
applications for diagnosis, treatment and
prevention of diseases
• Can also correct genetic defects which
cause disease
• Gene therapy (insertion of genes into an
individual's cells and tissues to treat a
disease, and hereditary diseases) can be
used to treat a genetic disorders or chronic
diseases
• It can also make vaccines against various
diseases
• Genetically based medicines may be able
to even provide a longer life
Human Germ Line
• Soon people will be able to make changes
in there genetic makeup so that it will be
passed on to next generation
• This will be able to improve a persons
height strength, knowledge etc.
• May be able to get rid of diseases