Transcript ch 7 Jeopardy - Extending Mendelian Genetics

Chromosomes
and Phenotype
Complex
patterns of
Inheritance
Gene
Linkage
Human
Actual Test
Genetics and
Questions
Pedigrees
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Question 1 - 10
• This individual does not show the trait,
but is able to pass on the diseasecausing allele to its offspring.
Answer 1 – 10
Carrier
Question 1 - 20
• Genes that are located on the X or y
chromosome, sometimes called the sex
chromosomes.
Answer 1 – 20
Sex-linked genes
Question 1 - 30
• Most of the traits expressed in a person’s
phenotype are determined by
__________ genes.
Answer 1 – 30
Autosomal
Question 1 - 40
• In mammals, the expression of sex-linked
genes in females is different than genes
on other chromosomes, because one of
the chromosomes is randomly turned off.
Answer 1 – 40
X chromosome inactivation
Question 1 - 50
• Genes found on the y chromosome of
mammals are responsible for this.
Answer 1 – 50
• Development of male offspring and possibly
male characteristics
Question 2 - 10
• Two nine o’clock flowers, one is
homozygous red and the other is
homozygous white, which will create all
offspring in the F1 generation that are
pink in color. This is an example of this
type of inheritance, because it creates a
third distinct phenotype.
Answer 2 – 10
Incomplete dominance
Question 2 - 20
• When both alleles of a gene are
expressed completely in the
heterozygous individual– neither allele is
dominant nor recessive.
Answer 2 – 20
Codominance
Question 2 - 30
• Human height, human skin color, hair
color, eye color, foot size, hand size are
all examples of this type of inheritance
pattern.
Answer 2 – 30
Polygenic traits
Question 2 - 40
• Blood type in humans is an example
of these two different type of
inheritance patterns:
• _______________ AND ________________.
Answer 2 – 40
Codominance AND multiple alleles
Question 2 - 50
• In Labrador retrievers, coat color can be black,
brown, or golden. One gene for coat color will
cause a different gene for coat color to not be
fully expressed, causing the lighter colors to
show in the phenotype. Albinism is another
example of this inheritance pattern.
Answer 2 – 50
Epistasis
Question 3 - 10
• Thomas Hunt Morgan concluded from his
research on fruit flies that ______________
genes are found on the same ______
Answer 3 – 10
Linked genes are found on the
same chromosome
Question 3 - 20
• The probability that two genes on a
chromosome will be inherited together is
related to the distance between them. Thus…
The ______________ two genes are on the
same chromosome, the _________ likely they
will be inherited together.
Answer 3 – 20
• The closer two genes are to each other
on the same chromosome, the more
likely the genes will be inherited
together.
• OR the farther apart two genes are on
the same chromosome, the less likely the
two genes will be inherited together.
Question 3 - 30
• Complete a linkage map based on the
following cross-over percentages for
three gene pairs: A to C = 4%, B to C =
12% and A to B = 8%.
Answer 3 – 30
• The order would be B – A – C
• A is found in between B and C as it is only 4
map units away from B, while B is 12 map
units away from C which is the furthest
relative distance.
• The order could also go C – A – B as a mirror
image of the data.
Question 3 - 40
• Thomas Hunt Morgan also concluded
that during meiosis the ____________,
not the _______________, assort
independently, which is truly an example
of Mendel’s law of independent
assortment.
Answer 3 – 40
• The Chromosomes, not the genes,
assort independently during meiosis.
Question 3 - 50
• Morgan also concluded that
chromosomes must exchange
homologous genes during meiosis, and
he completed this research by studying
the fruit fly, which goes by this scientific
name.
Answer 3 – 50
Drosophila melangaster
Question 4 - 10
• Much of what we know about singlegene traits in humans is the result of
studying this.
Answer 4 – 10
Genetic disorders
Question 4 - 20
• What is the most likely method of inheritance
for the following pedigree: (autosomal
dominant, autosomal recessive, or sex-linked
recessive)
Answer 4 – 20
• Dimples are inherited as autosomal
recessive, as they are found just as much
in females as males (autosomal), and the
trait can skip a generation (recessive)
Question 4 - 30
• When scientist want to determine if a
portion of a homologous chromosome
pair is missing, or if there is an extra
homologous chromosome, a scientist
would most likely use this picture of all of
the chromosomes in a cell.
Answer 4 – 30
Karyotype
Question 4 - 40
• Jim is a colorblind male whose father
is also colorblind. Jim’s mom has
normal vision. Jim can certainly
point to his colorblind Dad for his
colorblindness – why?
Answer 4 – 40
• No, Jim got his X allele from his mother,
not his father – the reason Jim is a male
is because his y came from his Dad. The
colorblind allele had to have been
inherited from Jim’s mother, and she
must be a carrier for colorblindness.
Question 4 - 50
Give the genotype for both of the two children
found at the bottom of this pedigree:
(remember to first determine if how this
pedigree is inherited – is it autosomal dominant,
autosomal recessive, or sex-linked recessive)
Answer 4 – 50
• The pedigree shows a sex-linked
recessive disorder, and the daughter
would be either XAXa or XAXA and the
a
son would be X y
Question 5 - 10
• A person with A and B alleles for blood
type will have what antigens on their red
blood cells?
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A. A antigens
B. B antigens
C. AB antigens
D. O antigens
Answer 5 – 10
Both A and B antigens found on their
red blood cells
Question 5 - 20
• An individual that has three of the number
21 chromosome has this disorder.
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a.
b.
c.
d.
Boy-in-the-bubble disease
Color blindness
Down syndrome
Hemophilia
Answer 5 – 20
Down Syndrome occurs when there is an extra
21st chromosome
Question 5 - 30
• Someone who is heterozygous for the
alleles will not have the disease, but is a
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___________.
a. carrier
b. dominant
c. recessive
d. sex-linked
Answer 5 – 30
a. carrier
Question 5 - 40
Which of the following is not an outcome of the
environment modifying a phenotype?
• a. the changing of the color of an animal’s fur as
the temperature changes
• b. the increased intelligence of a person who
attended school for many years
• c. the very short stature of a kind of tree that grows
at a high altitude in comparison with the same kind
of tree growing at a lower altitude
• d. the pink-flowered snapdragons that result from
crosses between red-flowered and white-flowered
snapdragon plants
Answer 5 – 40
d. the pink-flowered snapdragons that result
from crosses between red-flowered and
white-flowered snapdragon plants
Question 5 - 50
• What antibodies could be found in
the plasma of an individual with
blood type A?
• a. Anti-A
• b. Anti-B
c.
d.
Anti-A and Anti-B
None
Answer 5 – 50
b. Anti-B