Transcript Zak and Elliott`s Work Experience Presentation

The life cycle of malaria and
other mosquitoes related
diseases.
By Elliott & Zalkifl
The life cycle of malaria
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Malaria is a parasite
transferred by
mosquitoes to humans
and from an infected
human to mosquitoes.
Similarly to a virus it
reproduces its self many
times before finally
bursting out. It keeps
repeating this process.
While the malaria
parasite is in a mosquito
it stays mainly in the gut
before moving into the
saliva.
When a mosquito bite an
animal it injects its saliva
into the wound to
prevent it from healing
so it can drink the blood
for longer.
Other peoples work on the life
cycle of malaria
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Quinton (a fellow colleague) is working on
stopping the gene which makes malaria
split into male and female.
This will stop the parasite from
reproducing and therefore it cannot
spread.
Problems: malaria parasite genes to
complicated. Hardly any of the scientists
know what any of the genes are used for
in the parasite.
Recent discoveries in new
methods to eradicate malaria
•One new theory is that by activating all the var
genes inside malaria in order to warn the human
immune system to make all of the possible antibodies
which means the body can fight the virus itself.
•Another method is to starve the parasite by knocking
out the protein gene which transports glucose from
the surrounding cell therefore starving the parasite.
•Another method is to use oscillating magnetic fields
to kill the malaria, this is thought to be because of
tiny particles of iron inside the parasite.
Denge fever
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Denge is a virus carried by the Aedes
aegypti mosquito.
The diseases is also known as break
bone fever.
The symptoms usually start 5-7
days after a bite.
The symptoms are a high fever,
headaches, bone, joint and muscle
pains and vomiting.
Yellow fever
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Yellow fever is a virus. There are two types of
yellow fever.
The first one is jungle yellow fever which mainly
effects monkeys but on rare occasions it infects
humans if they are based in a tropical rain forest.
The one we are interested in however is the
urban yellow fever which effects mainly humans
because it is in cities.
The symptoms of this diseases become apparent
after 3-6 days and include high fever, chills,
headaches, vomiting and back aches.
West Nile fever
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West Nile fever is a virus.
The symptoms of this disease are
fever, head ache, body ache, and a
skin rash also appears.
This diseases is not to serious but if
it enters the brain it can be life
threatening.
Individual Work
MALARIA IN PAKISTAN BY
ZALKIFL AND DRAWINGS
BY ELLIOT.
What kinds of malaria exist in
Pakistan and where is it?
•Pakistan is located
in the south east of
Asia.
•Malaria is one of the
biggest diseases
there.
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Plasmodium falciparum.
And plasmodium vivax.
Recent developments in malaria
control.
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The usual method was for indoor residual
spraying.
New evidence suggest that mosquitoes in
Pakistan prefer animal blood over humans.
Therefore instead of spraying peoples
homes it is more effective to spray or
sponge animals and live stock so that
when the mosquito bites the animal it is
poisoned and will eventually die.
Recent developments in malaria
control.



The usual method was for indoor residual
spraying.
New evidence suggest that mosquitoes in
Pakistan prefer animal blood over humans.
Therefore instead of spraying peoples
homes it is more effective to spray or
sponge animals and live stock so that
when the mosquito bites the animal it is
poisoned and will eventually die.
Insecticide treated nets
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ITN’s are mosquito nets which have
been sprayed with insecticide.
These have been used all over the
world, and they are extremely
popular.
The nets reduce falciparum cases by
40% and vivax cases by 60%.
Negative sides are that after a few
washes the insecticide starts to be
washed out of the product.
DRAWINGS!
We would just like to thank :
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Natalie.
Carolyn.
Spencer.
Gareth.
Quinton.
And all my friends and family for
supporting me.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING
ATTENTIVELLY &
BEING A GREAT
AUDIENCE.
ANY QUESTIONS ?