Transcript REVIEW GAME (Unit 1

Life Science
Review GAME
1.
All living things must have 6 characteristics
in order to be considered “a living organism”.
Finish the following statements:
1. All living things….
2. All living things….
3. All living things…..
4. All living things….
5. All living things….
6. All living things….
Finish the following statements:
1. Have 1 or more cells
2. Inside the cells are DNA
3. Need energy
4. To grow and develop
5. To reproduce
6. To sense and respond to change
2.
Which of the 6
characteristics of living
things does this diagram
represent?
BABY
CHILD
ADULT
Which of the 6
characteristics of living
things does this diagram
represent?
A: Living Things Grow and
Develop
3.
List the 4 basic needs of
every living organism.
1.
2.
3.
4.
List the 4 basic needs of
every living organism.
A: 1. Food, 2. Water,
3. Air, and
4.A place to live
4.
List the 5 building blocks
of life.
(HINT: Think about the things that help to
make us and give us nutrients).
List the 5 building blocks
of life.
A: “PLANC”
Proteins, Lipids, ATP,
Nucleic Acids,
Carbohydrates
5.
The hot weather causes a
person to sweat.
What is the stimulus in
this scenario?
The hot weather causes a
person to sweat.
What is the stimulus in
this scenario?
A: The hot weather
6.
The cold weather causes a
person to shiver.
What is your body trying
to maintain?
The cold weather causes a
person to shiver.
What is your body trying
to maintain?
A: Homeostasis
7.
The cold weather causes
Goosebumps. Which of the
6 characteristics of living
things does this scenario
represent?
The cold weather causes
Goosebumps. Which of the
6 characteristics of living
things does this scenario
represent?
A: Living things sense and
respond to change.
8.
Only one parent produces
offspring identical to
itself. This is an example
of _______ reproduction.
Only one parent produces
offspring identical to
itself. This is an example
of asexual reproduction.
9.
Which molecule is shown
here?
Which molecule is shown
here? A: Phospholipid
10.
Which cell part do these
molecules form?
Which cell part do these
molecules form?
A: Cell Membrane
11.
You look similar to your
father and your sister
because of __________.
You look similar to your
father and your sister
because of heredity.
12
What is the basic unit of
life?
What is the basic unit of
life?
A: The Cell
13
In one (1) word, what is
ATP?
In one (1) word, what is
ATP?
A: energy
14.
List the two building
blocks of cells that are
used as a source of energy
and for energy storage.
List the two building
blocks of cells that are
used as a source of energy
and for energy storage.
A: Lipids and
Carbohydrates
15.
Carbohydrates and lipids
have a similar function in
the cell. How are they
different from one
another?
Carbohydrates and lipids
have a similar function in
the cell. How are they
different from one
another?
A: Lipids are fats & oils;
carbohydrates are sugars
16.
These are the building
blocks of proteins.
These are the building
blocks of proteins.
A: Amino Acids
17.
Organisms are grouped
based on how they get
food. List the 3 groups.
Organisms are grouped
based on how they get
food. List the 3 groups.
A: Producer, Consumer,
and Decomposer
18.
This is the term for all
chemical activities that an
organism performs, such
as breaking down food.
This is the term for all
chemical activities that an
organism performs, such
as breaking down food.
A: Metabolism
19.
A cow gives birth to a
baby calf. This is an
example of which of the 6
characteristics of living
things?
A cow gives birth to a
baby calf. This is an
example of which of the 6
characteristics of living
things?
A: Living things reproduce
20.
A cat is hungry, so it eats
a rat. List 2
characteristics of living
things that this scenario
represents.
A cat is hungry, so it eats
a rat. List 2
characteristics of living
things that this scenario
represents.
A: (1) Sense and respond
to change & (2) use energy
21.
A cat is hungry, so it eats
a rat. Based on how the
cat gets its food, the cat
is example of a ________.
A cat is hungry, so it eats
a rat. Based on how the
cat gets its food, the cat
is example of a consumer.
24.
________ has several
functions, including helping
cells do their job,
protecting cells, building
and repairing body
structures, and speeding
up chemical reactions.
Protein has several
functions, including helping
cells do their job,
protecting cells, building
and repairing body
structures, and speeding
up chemical reactions.
22.
Our bodies break down
carbohydrates and lipids
into this useable form of
energy.
Our bodies break down
carbohydrates and lipids
into this useable form of
energy.
A: ATP
25.
1. Proteins
MATCHING
2. Lipids 3. ATP
5. Carbohydrates
4. Nucleic Acid
A. source of energy; energy storage (Use 2x)
B. “Blueprint of Life” because it tells the cell how to
make proteins
C. energy used for the cell’s activites
D. protect cell; build/repair cell structures; speed
up chemical reactions
1. D= Proteins – protect cell; build/repair
cell structures; speed up chemical
reactions
2. A= Lipids – source of energy; energy
storage
3. C= ATP – energy used for the cell’s
activites
4. B= Nucleic Acid – “Blueprint of Life”
because it tells the cell how to make
proteins
5. A=Carbohydrates – source of energy;
used for energy storage
The Cell in Action
1.
Photosynthesis
Why do plant cells go
through photosynthesis?
A: To make _________.
Photosynthesis
Why do plant cells go
through photosynthesis?
A: To make Food.
2.
The Cell
The life cycle of a cell is
known as the ____ _____.
The Cell
The life cycle of a cell is
known as the CELL CYCLE.
3.
The Cell
In the diagram below,
which way would the
particles move to reach
equilibrium?
=molecules
=Cell
The Cell
In the diagram below,
which way would the
particles move to reach
equilibrium?
A: Inside
6 molecules inside,
6 molecules outside
4.
Photosynthesis
What are the products of
photosynthesis (end
result)?
Photosynthesis
What are the products of
photosynthesis (end
result)?
A: GLUCOSE (FOOD) &
OXYGEN (O2)
4
Photosynthesis
What is the name of the
pigment found in plant cells
that allows photosynthesis to
occur? And where is it found
(be specific)?
(2 answers required)
Photosynthesis
What is the name of the
pigment found in plant cells
that allows photosynthesis to
occur? And where is it found
(be specific)?
CHLOROPHYLL,
CHLOROPLAST
5.
Photosynthesis
What kind of organisms do
photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis
What kind of organisms do
photosynthesis?
PLANTS, ALGAE
6
Photosynthesis
In which organelle does
photosynthesis take place?
Photosynthesis
In which organelle does
photosynthesis take place?
A: CHLOROPLAST
7
Photosynthesis
What is the formula for
photosynthesis (numbers)?
Photosynthesis
What is the formula for
photosynthesis (numbers)?
6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY (light)
C6H12O6 + 6O2
8.
Cellular Respiration
Why do cells go through
cellular respiration?
A: To make _________.
Cellular Respiration
Why do cells go through
cellular respiration?
A: To make ENERGY.
9.
Cellular Respiration
Cells break down _______
in order to get energy
(ATP).
Cellular Respiration
Cells break down
GLUCOSE (FOOD) in
order to get energy (ATP).
10
Cellular Respiration
What are the products of
cellular respiration?
Cellular Respiration
What are the products of
cellular respiration?
A: CO2 , H2O and ATP
Energy
11
Cellular Respiration
In which organelle does
cellular respiration take
place?
Cellular Respiration
In which organelle does
cellular respiration take
place?
A: MITOCHONDRIA
12.
Cellular Respiration
What is the formula for
cellular respiration
(numbers)?
Cellular Respiration
What is the formula for
cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy(ATP)
13.
Cellular Respiration
In addition to cellular
respiration, what is name
of the process that allows
cells to get energy by
breaking down food?
Cellular Respiration
In addition to cellular
respiration, what is name of
the other process that allows
cells to get energy by
breaking down food?
A: FERMENTATION
14.
Fermentation
What is the waste product
produced during
fermentation?
Fermentation
What is the waste product
produced during
fermentation?
A: LACTIC ACID
15.
Fermentation
How does fermentation
differ from cellular
respiration?
Fermentation
How does fermentation
differ from cellular
respiration?
A: NO OXYGEN IS
REQUIRED
16.
Cell Processes
In the passive transport
process of ______, water
particles move from areas
of high concentration to
areas of low concentration.
Cell Processes
In the passive transport
process of OSMOSIS, water
particles move from areas
of high concentration to
areas of low concentration.
17.
Cell Processes
When particles move through a
membrane from an area of low
concentration to an area of high
concentration and require energy,
this is an example of _____
______.
Cell Processes
When particles move through a
membrane from an area of low
concentration to an area of
high concentration and require
energy, this is an example of
ACTIVE TRANSPORT.
18.
Cell Processes
In the passive transport
process of ______, particles
move from areas of high
concentration to areas of low
concentration.
Cell Processes
In the passive transport
process of DIFFUSION,
particles move from areas of
high concentration to areas of
low concentration.
19.
Cell Processes
Organisms must be able to obtain
energy and raw materials in order
to survive. In order to bring some
raw materials into the cell, the
cell uses energy and goes through
the process of _________.
Cell Processes
Organisms must be able to obtain
energy and raw materials in order to
survive. In order to bring some raw
materials into the cell, the cell uses
energy and goes through the process
of ENDOCYTOSIS.
20.
Cell Processes
In order to get rid of some
waste particles, the cell
uses energy and goes
through the process of
_________.
Cell Processes
In order to get rid of some
waste particles, the cell uses
energy and goes through the
process of EXOCYTOSIS.
21.
Cell Reproduction
How many cells are
produced at the end of
mitosis?
Cell Reproduction
How many cells are
produced at the end of
mitosis?
A: 2 new cells
22
Cell Reproduction
If the parent cell has 58
chromosomes, how many
chromosomes does each
daughter cell have at the
end of mitosis?
Cell Reproduction
If the parent cell has 58
chromosomes, how many
chromosomes does each
daughter cell have at the
end of mitosis?
A: 58 chromosomes
23
The Cell
What two processes take
place in the mitochondria?
The Cell
What two processes take
place in the mitochondria?
A: CELLULAR RESPIRATION,
FERMENTATION
24
The Cell
Eukaryotic cells contain
more ______ than
prokaryotic cells.
The Cell
Eukaryotic cells contain
more DNA than
prokaryotic cells.
25
The Cell
Do more complex
organisms contain more
chromosomes than less
complex organisms?
The Cell
Do more complex organisms
contain more chromosomes
than less complex organisms?
A: NO (a potato contains more
chromosomes than humans)
26
The Cell
Write the three (3) stages
of the eukaryotic cell
cycle.
The Cell
Write the three (3) stages
of the eukaryotic cell cycle.
A: INTERPHASE, MITOSIS,
CYTOKINESIS
27
The Cell
What is the process of
cell division in prokaryotic
cells called?
The Cell
What is the process of
cell division in prokaryotic
cells called?
A: BINARY FISSION
28
Cell Processes
These are the 3 steps for which process?
• Large particles that must leave the
cell are packaged in vesicles
• The vesicle travels to the cell
membrane and fuses with it.
• The cell releases the particle to the
outside of the cell.
Cell Processes
These are the 3 steps for which process?
• Large particles that must leave the
cell are packaged in vesicles
• The vesicle travels to the cell
membrane and fuses with it.
• The cell releases the particle to the
outside of the cell
A: EXOCYTOSIS
29.
Cell Processes
In the Naked Egg
experiment, what term
explains why the egg did
not burst after sitting in
water for 24 hours?
Cell Processes
In the Naked Egg
experiment, what term
explains why the egg did
not burst after sitting in
water for 24 hours?
A: Equilibrium
30.
Cell Processes
These are the 3 steps for which process?
• The cell comes into contact with a
particle
• The cell membrane begins to wrap
around the particle
• Once the particle is completely
surrounded, a vesicle pinches off to
bring the particle into the cell
Cell Processes
These are the 3 steps for which process?
• The cell comes into contact with a
particle
• The cell membrane begins to wrap
around the particle
• Once the particle is completely
surrounded, a vesicle pinches off to
bring the particle into the cell
A: ENDOCYTOSIS
30.
Fermentation
• Yeast forms _______________ during
fermentation.
Fermentation
• Yeast forms ______ during
fermentation.
• A: Carbon Dioxide- The bubbles of CO2
gas cause the dough to rise and leave
small holes in the bread.
31.
Photosynthesis
• Plant cells have molecules that absorb
light energy. These molecules are
called________.
Photosynthesis
• Plant cells have molecules that absorb
light energy. These molecules are
called________.
• A: Pigment
32.
Mitosis
• What are the four phases of mitosis?
(MUST BE IN THE CORRECT ORDER)
Mitosis
• What are the four phases of mitosis?
(MUST BE IN THE CORRECT ORDER)
A: Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Mitosis
• In which phase of mitosis does the
chromatids separate and move to
opposite sides of the cell? (List the
phase # and phase name)
Mitosis
• A: Mitosis Phase 3 (Anaphase)
Mitosis
• In what phase does the nuclear
membrane dissolve, and paired
chromatids align at the cell’s equator?
(List the phase # and phase name)
Mitosis
• A: Mitosis Phase 2 (Metaphase)
2
List the 3 parts to the Cell
Theory
2 - Answer
1. The cell is the basic unit
of life
2.All living things are made
of 1 or more cells
3.All cells come from
existing cells
4
The cell would collapse
without this structure.
4
The cell would collapse
without this structure.
A: The Cytoskeleton
5
In 1665, ____________
looked under his
microscope to see _____
cells.
Fill in both
Blanks.
5 - Answer
A: In 1665, Robert Hooke
looked under his
microscope to see cork
cells.
6
What organelle allows
plants (and some protists)
to make their own food?
6-Answer
What organelle allows
plants (and some protists)
to make their own food?
A: The Chloroplast
7
Carbohydrates and Lipids
are converted to ATP in
this organelle.
7-Answer
Carbohydrates and Lipids
are converted to ATP in
this organelle.
A. Mitochondria
8
What organelles are in this
cell that you would not
find in an animal cell?
8-Answer
What organelles are in this
cell that you would not
find in an animal cell?
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
9
What are the 3 benefits
of being multicellular?
9-Answer
What are the 3 benefits of
being multicellular?
A: Larger Size, Longer Life,
Specialization
10
Starting with the
organelle, list the 6 levels
of organization for
multicellular organisms.
10 - Answer
1. Organelle
2.Cell
3.Tissue
4.Organ
5.Organ System
6.Organism
11
What are the green dots
shown in this magnified
image of the Elodea Plant?
11-Answer
What are the green dots
shown in this magnified
image of the Elodea Plant?
A: Chloroplasts
Elodea at 400x
12
List the two basic types of
cells.
12-Answer
List the two basic types of
cells.
A: Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic
13
This type of cell has no
nucleus or membranebound organelles
13-Answer
This type of cell has no
nucleus or membranebound organelles
A: Prokaryotic
14
List the 3 scientists that
helped develop the cell
theory.
14-Answer
List the 3 scientists that
helped develop the cell
theory.
A: Schleiden, Schwann,
Virchow
15
The rough ER is “rough”,
because it
contains_____________
15 - Answer
The rough ER is “rough”,
because it
contains_____________
A: Ribosomes
16
________& _________
helped to develop the
earliest microscope
16 - Answer
________& _________
helped to develop the
earliest microscope
A: Hooke, Leeuwenhoek
17
Muscle cells contain more
of this organelle than fat
cells because they require
more energy.
17 - Answer
Muscle cells contain more
of this organelle than fat
cells because they require
more energy.
A: Mitochondria
18
If this organelle does not
contain enough water, a
plant will wilt.
18-Answer
If this organelle does not
contain enough water, a
plant will wilt.
A: Vacuole
19a
This is only found in plant
cells. It is the outermost
layer that gives a plant cell
structure and support.
19a - Answer
This is only found in plant
cells. It is the outermost
layer that gives a plant cell
structure and support.
A: Cell Wall
19b
What is the name of the
complex sugar that makes
up cell walls in plants?
19b - Answer
What is the name of the
complex sugar that makes
up cell walls in plants?
A: Cellulose
20
Plants, Animals, Protists,
and Fungi are organisms
that contain these types
of cells that have a
nucleus and membranebound organelles.
20 - Answer
Plants, Animals, Protists,
and Fungi are organisms
that contain these types
of cells that have a
nucleus and membranebound organelles.
A. Eukaryotic Cells
21
Our bodies break down
carbohydrates and lipids
into this useable form of
energy.
21 - Answer
Our bodies break down
carbohydrates and lipids
into this useable form of
energy.
A: ATP
22
This is made in the
ribosomes.
22 - Answer
This is made in the
ribosomes.
A: Protein
23
Cells that are like each
other and do the same job
form______________
23 - Answer
Cells that are like each
other and do the same job
form______________
A. Tissues
23a
Tissues that work
together to do a
specialized job form a(n)
__________
23a - Answer
Tissues that work
together to do a
specialized job form a(n)
__________
A. Organ
23b
Organs that work together
to perform body functions
form a(n) __________.
23b - Answer
Organs that work together
to perform body functions
form a(n) __________
A. Organ System
24
Identify the organelle:
24
Identify the organelle:
Nucleus
25
Identify the organelle:
25
Identify the organelle:
Golgi
Complex
26
Identify the organelle:
(green)
26
Identify the organelle:
Chloroplast
27
Identify the organelle:
27
Identify the organelle:
Ribosome
28
Identify the organelle:
28
Identify the organelle:
Vacuole
29
Identify the organelle:
29
Identify the organelle:
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
30
List the 6 characteristics
of living things.
30 - Answer
List the 6 characteristics of
living things.
1. Have 1 or more cells
2. Have DNA
3. Need energy
4. To grow and develop
5. To reproduce
6. To sense and respond to
change
31
What are two examples of
a prokaryotic cell?
Chapter 5
(Sections 1 & 2)
Heredity
Review Game
1
An organism with two
dominant alleles or two
recessive alleles is called
______________.
(Write both terms)
1 - Answer
An organism with two
dominant alleles or two
recessive alleles is called
homozygous OR purebred.
2
A feature that has
different forms in a
population is called a
______________.
2 - Answer
A feature that has
different forms in a
population is called a
characteristic.
3
Who is the scientist that
studied pea plants to
determine how traits are
passed from parents to
offspring? (First and Last
Name)
3 - Answer
Who is the scientist that
studied pea plants to
determine how traits are
passed from parents to
offspring?
A: Gregor Mendel
Draw a punnett square
labeled like this:
Male
Female
4
4
Fill in your punnett square
for the following scenario:
4
A zoo keeper wants to know
the chance that a baby
giraffe will have a long neck.
The mom is heterozygous for
a long neck, and the dad is
homozygous for a short neck.
Use “L” and “l” to represent
the alleles.
4 - Answer
Female
Your punnett square should look
like this:
Male
l
l
l
Ll
Ll
l
ll
ll
5
Look at your punnett
square. What is the
probability that the baby
giraffe will be a purebred?
Write the genotype(s) of
the purebred offspring.
5 - Answer
Look at your punnett
square. What is the
probability that the baby
giraffe will be a purebred?
A: 50%, or 2 out of 4 (ll)
6
List the 4 exceptions to
Mendel’s findings.
6 - Answer
4 exceptions:
1. Incomplete dominance
2.One gene influences many
traits
3.Many genes influence one
trait
4.Environmental Factors
7
A purebred blue flower
and a purebred yellow
flower are crossed. All of
the offspring are green.
This is an example of
what?
7 - Answer
A purebred blue flower
and a purebred yellow
flower are crossed. All of
the offspring are green.
This is an example of
what? Incomplete
Dominance
8
B
BB
b
Bb
Male
B
Female
b
B = Brown hair
b = blond hair
Bb
bb
If this couple has 4 kids, will
3 of them definitely have
brown hair and 1 definitely
have blond hair? Explain.
Female
8 - Answer
B
b
B
BB
Male
b
Bb
B = Brown hair
b = blond hair
Bb
bb
If this couple has 4 kids, will 3 of
them definitely have brown hair and 1
definitely have blond hair? A: No,
this is the probability for each child.
9
B
BB
b
Bb
Male
B
Female
b
B = Brown hair
b = blond hair
Bb
bb
List the possible genotypes and
phenotypes of this couple’s
children. List genotypes first and
then the phenotype.
9 – Cont.
Label your board like this:
Genotype
Phenotype
**Make sure the genotype matches the proper
phenotype!
9 - Answer
BB
b
Bb
Male
B
B
Female
b
B = Brown hair
b = Blond hair
Bb
Genotype
BB
–
Bb
–
bb
–
bb
Phenotype
Brown hair
Brown hair
Blond hair
10
B
BB
b
Bb
Male
B
Female
b
B = Brown hair
b = blond hair
Bb
bb
What is the probability that this
couple will have a hybrid child? List
the genotype(s) of the hybrid
offspring.
Female
10 - Answer
B
b
Male
B
BB
b
Bb
B = Brown hair
b = blond hair
Bb
bb
What is the probability that this
couple will have a hybrid child? List the
genotype(s) of the hybrid offspring.
A: 50% - Bb, Bb
31 - Answer
What are two examples of
a prokaryotic cell?
A: Bacteria or Archaea
11
A child with albinism has skin
without pigment and blue
eyes. Both of these traits
are determined by one set of
instructions. This is an
example of which exception
to Mendel’s findings?
11 - Answer
An child with albinism has
skin without pigment and
blue eyes. Both of these
traits are determined by
one set of instructions. This
is an example of which
exception to Mendel’s
findings?
A: One gene, many traits
12
What is the name of the
trait that always shows up,
if it is present?
12 - Answer
What is the name of the
trait that always shows up,
if it is present?
A: Dominant
13
What is the only
combination of alleles that
will show the recessive
trait? (You must write all
the terms that apply)
13 - Answer
What is the only
combination of alleles that
will show the recessive
trait?
A: homozygous recessive
OR purebred recessive
14
What would you call an
organism that shows the
dominant trait? List all
possibilities.
14 - Answer
What would you call an
organism that shows the
dominant trait? List all
possibilities.
A: Homozygous dominant
(purebred dominant) and
heterozygous (or hybrid)
15
Using the letter “R” to
represent an allele, list
the 3 possible
combinations of alleles.
15 - Answer
Using the letter “R” to
represent an allele, list
the 3 possible
combinations of alleles.
A: RR, Rr, rr
16
Kim has curly hair which is
a recessive trait (h). What
is Kim’s phenotype?
16 - Answer
Kim has curly hair which is
a recessive trait (h). What
is Kim’s phenotype?
A: curly hair
17
Kim has curly hair which is
a recessive trait (h). What
is Kim’s genotype?
17 - Answer
Kim has curly hair which is
a recessive trait (h). What
is Kim’s genotype?
A: hh
18
Curly haired Kim falls in
love with homozygous
Henry who has straight
hair (H). Will any of their
children be purebred?
Henry
18 - Answer
H
H
h
Hh
Hh
Kim
h
Hh
Hh
H = Straight hair
h = curly hair
A: No. 100% of their children will be hybrid
and will have straight hair.
19
In Mendel’s experiments,
what percent of the
offspring in the first
generation showed the
dominant trait?
19 - Answer
In Mendel’s experiments, what
percent of the offspring in the
first generation showed the
dominant trait?
A: 100% - all of the
offspring were purple
20
In Mendel’s experiments,
what percent of the
offspring in the first
generation carried the
recessive allele?
20 - Answer
In Mendel’s experiments, what
percent of the offspring in the
first generation carried the
recessive allele?
A: 100% - All of the plants
had the genotype Pp, and
“p” is the recessive allele
21
Different forms of a
characteristic are called
________.
21 - Answer
Different forms of a
characteristic are called
traits.
23
What is heredity?
23 - Answer
What is heredity?
A: Traits passing from
parents to offspring
24
The allele for freckles is
(f). Suppose two nonfreckled parents have 4
non-freckled children and
1 freckled child. What are
the genotypes of the
parents?
Female
24 - Answer
F
f
F
FF
Ff
Male
f
Ff
ff
F = No freckles
f = freckles
A: Since both parents have no freckles,
there are only 2 possible combinations: FF or
Ff. Both parents have to be heterozygous
(Ff) in order to have a child that has shows
the recessive trait of freckles.
Female
24 – Answer,
Male
F
cont.
F
f
FF
Ff
F
FF
Ff
F = No freckles
f = freckles
A: If either parent is homozygous dominant
(FF), all children would show the dominant
trait of no freckles.
REVIEW BEFORE THE
GAME
MEIOSIS
• What type of cells are produced?
• How many cells are produced at the end
of this process?
• Trick: mEioSis
– E=egg and S=sperm
– Eggs and sperm are sex cells
MEIOSIS
• What type of cells are produced?
– Sex cells
• How many cells are produced at the end
of this process?
–4
• Trick: mEioSis
– E=egg and S=sperm
– Eggs and sperm are sex cells
MEIOSIS
• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in the parent cell at the
BEGINNING of the process.
• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in each cell at the END of
the process.
MEIOSIS
• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in the parent cell at the
BEGINNING of the process.
– Diploid
• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in each cell at the END of
the process.
– Haploid
MITOSIS
• Which cells in your body are produced
by this process?
• How many cells are produced at the end
of this process?
• Trick: MITosis
– Makes It Two
MITOSIS
• Which cells in your body are produced
by this process?
– Most of the cells in your body (except sex
cells)
• How many cells are produced at the end
of this process?
–2
• Trick: MITosis
– Makes It Two
MITOSIS
• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in the parent cell at the
BEGINNING of the process.
• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in each cell at the END of
the process.
MITOSIS
• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in the parent cell at the
BEGINNING of the process.
– Diploid
• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in each cell at the END of
the process.
– Diploid
SELECTIVE BREEDING
Labrador Retriever
Poodle
gentle, intelligent
and family-friendly
hypoallergenic coat
may reduce allergic
reactions
SELECTIVE BREEDING
LABRADOODLE
gentle, intelligent
and family-friendly
AND
hypoallergenic
coat
GENETIC ENGINEERING
In this example,
scientists added a gene
from fireflies to this
plant which causes it to
grow.
Scientists can manipulate individual genes.
They do not select organisms and breed them.
They take out DNA from one organism and
insert it into the cells of another.
DNA Fingerprinting
• Unique patterns in an individual’s DNA
• Can be used as evidence in crime scenes
• Identifies family relations or herditary
diseases
PEDIGREES
• Know how to read and interpret a pedigree.
You should be able to identify:
– Males and Females
– Who has a recessive trait, who is a carrier, and
who does not have the trait
– The genotype for each person
PEDIGREES
DNA
• What does the “base-pair rule” state?
• If 40% of the DNA is guanine, what
percent is:
– Cytosine?
– Thymine?
– Adenine?
DNA
• What does the “base-pair rule” state?
– The amount of adenine = thymine and the
amount of cytosine = guanine
• If 40% of the DNA is guanine, what
percent is:
– Cytosine? (40%)
– Thymine? (10%)
– Adenine? (10%)
DNA
• ANSWER:
TACCGATTG
ATGGCTAAC
Chapter 5 (Section 3)
&
Chapter 6
Genes and DNA
Review Game
This is the process by
which most of the cells in
your body reproduce.
This is the process by
which most of the cells in
your body reproduce.
A: Mitosis
How many cells are
produced at the end of
meiosis?
How many cells are
produced at the end of
meiosis?
A: 4
This term refers to the
number of chromosomes
found in cells at the end of
mitosis.
This term refers to the
number of chromosomes
found in cells at the end of
mitosis.
A: Diploid (A full set)
The parent cell of an
organism has 22 pairs of
chromosomes.
1) What is the diploid number?
2) What is the haploid number?
The parent cell of an
organism has 22 pairs of
chromosomes.
1) What is the diploid number?
A: 44
2) What is the haploid number?
A: 22
This term refers to the
number of chromosomes
found in cells at the end of
meiosis.
This term refers to the
number of chromosomes
found in cells at the end of
meiosis.
A: Haploid
What kind of
chromosomes determine a
person’s gender?
What kind of
chromosomes determine a
person’s gender?
A: Sex Chromosomes
1) Which sex chromosomes
does a female carry?
2)Which sex chromosomes
does a male carry?
1) Which sex chromosomes
does a female carry?
A.XX
2)Which sex chromosomes
does a male carry?
A.XY
Who determines a child’s
sex: the male or the
female?
Who determines a child’s
sex? The male or the
female?
A: Male
(because females can only pass on an X
chromosome. Males can pass on either an X
or a Y, and whichever chromosome the male
passes on will determine the sex)
An organism has 30
chromosomes. How many
chromosomes would its
sperm or eggs have?
An organism has 30
chromosomes. How many
chromosomes would its
sperm or eggs have?
A: 15
A dog breeder crosses a
poodle with a lab in order
to have dogs that do not
shed. This is an example of
what?
A dog breeder crosses a
poodle with a lab in order
to have dogs that do not
shed. This is an example of
what?
A: Selective Breeding
What is the molecule in
the cell that contains the
information for protein
production?
What is the molecule in
the cell that contains the
information for protein
production?
A: DNA
Describe the shape of
DNA (2 ways).
Describe the shape of
DNA (2 ways).
A: double helix, or a
twisted ladder
What are the subunits of
DNA?
What are the subunits of
DNA?
A: Nucleotides
What are the three
components that make up a
nucleotide?
What are the three
components that make up a
nucleotide?
A: A base, a sugar, and
a phosphate
Using their first letters,
list the four bases found
in DNA.
Using their first letters,
list the four bases found
in DNA.
A: A, T, C, & G
What is the rule that
states that A always pairs
with T, and C always pairs
with G?
What is the rule that
states that A always pairs
with T, and C always pairs
with G?
A: Base-Pair Rule
What scientist discovered
that the amount of adenine
always equals the amount of
thymine, and the amount of
cytosine always equals the
amount of guanine?
What scientist discovered
that the amount of adenine
always equals the amount of
thymine, and the amount of
cytosine always equals the
amount of guanine?
A: Erwin Chargaff
st
1
Who was the
scientist
to produce images of DNA
molecules using X-ray
diffraction?
st
1
Who was the
scientist
to produce images of DNA
molecules using X-ray
diffraction?
A: Rosalind Franklin
Who were the 2 scientists
who developed the first
model of DNA?
Who were the 2 scientists
who developed the first
model of DNA?
A: James Watson and
Francis Crick
Write down the
complementary strand for
this sequence of bases.
A C C T A G
Write down the
complementary strand for
this sequence of bases.
A C C T A G
T G G A T C
List the 3 kinds of
mutations that can occur
when DNA is copied.
List the 3 kinds of
mutations that can occur
when DNA is copied.
A: Deletion, Insertion,
and Substitution
What kind of mutation has
taken place?
What kind of mutation has
taken place?
A: Insertion
What kind of mutation has
taken place?
What kind of mutation has
taken place?
A: Substitution
Since DNA can’t fit
through the nuclear pores,
_____ takes the message
from the DNA out to the
cell.
Since DNA can’t fit
through the nuclear pores,
_____ takes the message
from the DNA out to the
cell?
A: RNA
What base does RNA have
that DNA does not?
What base does RNA have
that DNA does not?
A: Uracil
What base does DNA have
that RNA does not?
What base does DNA have
that RNA does not?
A: Thymine
This tool is used to detect
traits that are passed
down through generations.
This tool is used to detect
traits that are passed
down through generations.
A: Pedigree
Practice with Pedigrees
(we are tracking a recessive trait)
1. Draw a male with the
trait
2.Using the letter “F”,
write his genotype.
Practice with Pedigrees
(we are tracking a recessive trait)
1. Draw a male who has the
trait
2.Using the letter “F”,
write his genotype.
A: ff
Practice with Pedigrees
(we are tracking a recessive trait)
1. Draw a female carrier of
the trait
2.Using the letter “F”,
write her genotype.
3.Does she have the trait?
Practice with Pedigrees
(we are tracking a recessive trait)
1. Draw a female carrier of
the trait
2. Using the letter “F”, write
her genotype.
A: Ff
3. Does she have the trait?
A: No
Practice with Pedigrees
(we are tracking a recessive trait)
This shape is in a pedigree:
Would you conclude that this
is a sex-linked trait?
Practice with Pedigrees
(we are tracking a recessive trait)
This shape is in a pedigree:
Would you conclude that this
is a sex-linked trait?
A: No, males can’t be
carriers of sex-linked traits
Scientists added genes
from a firefly to a tobacco
plant which caused the
plant to glow. This type of
manipulation is known as
________ ________.
Scientists added genes
from a firefly to a tobacco
plant which caused the
plant to glow. This type of
manipulation is known as
genetic engineering.
This is the term for a new
organism that has an exact
copy of another organism’s
genes.
This is the term for a new
organism that has an exact
copy of another organism’s
genes.
A: Clone
This is the process that
identifies the unique patterns
in a person’s DNA. It can be
helpful in many areas,
including solving crimes and
identifying hereditary
diseases.
The division of organisms
into groups or classes
based on characteristics is
_______________.
The division of organisms
into groups or classes
based on characteristics is
_______________.
A: Classification
What system based on
shared characteristics is
used to classify
organisms?
A: An ____-level system
What system based on
shared characteristics is
used to classify
organisms?
A: An eight-level system
Who is considered the
father of the modern
system of naming and
classification?
Who is considered the
father of the modern
system of naming and
classification?
A: Carolus Linneaus
What is this 2-part naming
system called?
What is this 2-part naming
system called?
A: Binomial Nomenclature
What are the two parts to
a scientific name?
What are the two parts to
a scientific name?
A: Genus and species
What branch of science
did Linneaus help develop?
What branch of science
did Linneaus help develop?
A: Taxonomy
Into which two groups did
scientists originally
classify all living things?
Into which two groups did
scientists originally
classify all living things?
A: Plants and Animals
The jaguar (Panthera
onca), the lion (Panthera
leo), and the tiger
(Panthera tigris) are
different species, but
they share the same
_______.
The jaguar (Panthera
onca), the lion (Panthera
leo), and the tiger
(Panthera tigris) are
different species, but
they share the same
_______.
A: Genus
Since the jaguar and the
tiger are members of
different species, what
are they unable to do?
Since the jaguar and the
tiger are members of
different species, what
are they unable to do?
A: Mate to produce fertile
offspring
Which animals have color
vision?
Which animals have color
vision?
Which animal has a much larger
brain but is not bipedal?
Which animal has a much larger
brain but is not bipedal?
How many levels of
classification are there?
How many levels of
classification are there?
A: 8
List the 8 levels of
classification in order
from most specific to
most general.
List the 8 levels of
classification in order
from most specific to
most general.
A: Species, Genus, Family,
Order, Class, Phylum,
Kingdom, Domain
How many domains are
there today?
How many domains are
there today?
A: 3
List the 3 domains.
A: Archaea, Bacteria,
Eukarya
How many kingdoms are
there today?
How many kingdoms are
there today?
A: 6
• List the 6 kingdoms.
List the kingdoms.
A: Archaeabacteria,
Eubacteria, Protists,
Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
To which kingdom would
these organisms belong:
Slime mold, paramecium,
and amoeba
To which kingdom would
these organisms belong:
Slime mold, paramecium,
and amoeba
A: Kingdom Protista
To which kingdom would
this organism belong:
A complex multicellular
organism that absorbs
nutrients from its
surroundings.
To which kingdom would
this organism belong:
A complex multicellular
organism that absorbs
nutrients from its
surroundings.
A: Kingdom Fungi
To which kingdom would
this organism belong:
A prokaryote that lives in
extreme environments
To which kingdom would
this organism belong:
A prokaryote that lives in
extreme environments
A: Kingdom
Archaeabacteria
To which kingdom would
this organism belong:
A prokaryote that can
either be cocci, spirilla, or
bacilli.
To which kingdom would
this organism belong:
A prokaryote that can
either be cocci, spirilla, or
bacilli.
A: Kingdom Eubacteria
To which kingdom would this
organism belong:
A complex multicellular
heterotroph that usually
moves, responds to its
environment using specialized
sense organs, and reproduces
sexually.
To which kingdom would this
organism belong:
A complex multicellular
heterotroph that usually
moves, responds to its
environment using specialized
sense organs, and reproduces
sexually.
A: Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Animalia is
subdivided into 2 phyla.
Name the 2 phyla.
Kingdom Animalia is
subdivided into 2 phyla. Name
the 2 phyla.
A: invertebrates and
vertebrates
To which kingdom would
this organism belong:
A eukaryote that can
perform photosynthesis
and whose cells have cell
walls.
To which kingdom would
this organism belong:
A eukaryote that can
perform photosynthesis
and whose cells have cell
walls.
A: Kingdom Plantae
Why are organisms in the
Kingdom Fungi not
classified as plants?
Why are organisms in the
Kingdom Fungi not
classified as plants?
A: They can’t do
photosynthesis
What tool would you use to
help you identify an
organism that you did not
know?
What tool would you use to
help you identify an
organism that you did not
know?
A: Dichotomous Key
After looking at a
dichotomous key, you have
identified a domestic dog
as Canis lupus . What is
the dog’s species name?
After looking at a
dichotomous key, you have
identified a domestic dog
as Canis lupus . What is
the dog’s species name?
A: lupus
After looking at a
dichotomous key, you have
identified a domestic dog
as Canis lupus . What is
the dog’s genus?
After looking at a
dichotomous key, you have
identified a domestic dog
as Canis lupus . What is
the dog’s genus?
A: Canis
Why did scientists develop
new domains and
kingdoms?
Why did scientists develop
new domains and
kingdoms?
A: New organisms were
discovered
What does a dichotomous
key consist of?
What does a dichotomous
key consist of?
A: A series of paired
statements.
List 1 organism found in this
kingdom.
Kingdom
Archaeabacteria
Organism found in the
Kingdom
List 1 organism found in this
kingdom.
Kingdom
Archaeabacteria
Organism found in the
Kingdom
Heat lovers, Salt
lovers, Methane
makers
List 1 organism found in this
kingdom.
Kingdom
Eubacteria
Organism found in the
Kingdom
List 1 organism found in this
kingdom.
Kingdom
Eubacteria
Organism found in the
Kingdom
Cocci/Bacilli/Spirilla
List 1 organism found in this
kingdom.
Kingdom
Protista
Organism found in the
Kingdom
List 1 organism found in this
kingdom.
Kingdom
Protista
Organism found in the
Kingdom
Protozoans, Algae,
Slime Molds,
Euglenoids,
Paramecium, Amoeba
List 1 organism found in this
kingdom.
Kingdom
Fungi
Organism found in the
Kingdom
List 1 organism found in this
kingdom.
Kingdom
Fungi
Organism found in the
Kingdom
Threadlike mold, Sac
Fungi, Club Fungi
Imperfect Fungi
List 1 organism found in this
kingdom.
Kingdom
Plant
Organism found in the
Kingdom
List 1 organism found in this
kingdom.
Kingdom
Plant
Organism found in the
Kingdom
Flower, Tree
List 1 organism found in each of
the 6 kingdoms.
Kingdom
Animal
Organism found in the
Kingdom
List 1 organism found in each of
the 6 kingdoms.
Kingdom
Animal
Organism found in the
Kingdom
Birds, Dogs, Eagles
Chapter 18 Review
Ecology
1
List the 5 levels of
environmental organization,
in order, from the first
level to the fifth.
1
List the 5 levels of
environmental organization,
in order, from the first
level to the fifth.
A: Organism, Population,
Community, Ecosystem,
Biosphere
2
Mutualism, Commensalism,
and Parasitism are all
types of _________
relationships.
2
Mutualism, Commensalism,
and Parasitism are all
types of symbiotic
relationships.
3
A mouse is a consumer who
feeds on berries and
insects. This type of
consumer is called a(n)
_________.
3
A mouse is a consumer who
feeds on berries and
insects. This type of
consumer is called a(n)
omnivore.
4
A tiger is chasing down a
zebra for dinner. What
term describes the tiger’s
role in this scenario?
4
A tiger is chasing down a
zebra for dinner. What
term describes the tiger’s
role in this scenario?
A: Predator
5
A tiger is chasing down a
zebra for dinner. What
term describes the zebra’s
role in this scenario?
5
A tiger is chasing down a
zebra for dinner. What
term describes the zebra’s
role in this scenario?
A: Prey
6
Elephants feed on grasses,
small plants, bushes, fruit,
tree bark, and roots. An
elephant is what type of
consumer?
6
Elephants who feed on
grasses, small plants,
bushes, fruit, tree bark,
and roots. An elephant is
what type of consumer?
A: Herbivore
7
Tapeworms are obtained by
ingesting contaminated food or
water. When the tapeworm
enters your body, it benefits
from the substances in your
intestines while you are
harmed. What term describes
the symbiotic relationship
between you and the
tapeworm?
7
Symbiotic relationship
between the tapeworm and
you:
A: Parasitism
8
What is the term for the
diagram below?
8
What is the term for the
diagram below?
A: Food Web
8a
What do the arrows in this
diagram show?
8a
A: How energy moves
when one organism eats
another.
9
What is the term for the
diagram below?
9
What is the term for the
diagram below?
A: Food Chain
10
Wolves in Yellowstone
feed on elk, cows, and
sheep. What term
describes the elk, cows,
and sheep?
10
Wolves in Yellowstone
feed on elk, cows, and
sheep. What term
describes the elk, cows,
and sheep?
A: Prey
11a
A tick bird eats the ticks
on a rhinoceros, and the
rhinoceros is cleaned of
ticks. What describes the
symbiotic relationship
between the tick bird and
the rhinoceros?
11a
A tick bird eats the ticks
on a rhinoceros, and the
rhinoceros is cleaned of
ticks. What describes the
symbiotic relationship
between the tick bird and
the rhinoceros?
A: Mutualism
11b
A tick bird eats the ticks
on a rhinoceros, and the
rhinoceros is cleaned of
ticks. What describes the
symbiotic relationship
between the tick and the
rhinoceros?
11b
A tick bird eats the ticks
on a rhinoceros, and the
rhinoceros is cleaned of
ticks. What describes the
symbiotic relationship
between the tick and the
rhinoceros?
A: Parasitism
12
A T. rex fed only on other
dinosaurs. What type of
consumer describes a T.
rex?
12
A T. rex fed only on other
dinosaurs. What type of
consumer describes a T.
rex?
A: Carnivore
13
Organisms that obtain
energy by making their
own food using the
sunlight are called
__________.
13
Organisms that obtain
energy by making their
own food using the
sunlight are called
producers.
14
Rocks, water, sunlight and
temperature are all types
of _________ factors.
14
Rocks, water, sunlight and
temperature are all types
of abiotic factors.
15
What is the lowest level of
environmental organization
that all of the following
things could belong to?
Owls, trees, bacteria,
mice, hawks, and snakes.
15
What is the lowest level of
environmental organization
that all of the following
things could belong to?
Owls, trees, bacteria,
mice, hawks, and snakes.
A: Community
16
Barnacles attach to whales
and get a habitat and a
source of nutrients. The
whale neither benefits nor
is harmed. What term
describes the symbiotic
relationship between the
whale and the barnacle?
16
Barnacles attach to whales
and get a habitat and a
source of nutrients. The
whale neither benefits nor
is harmed. What term
describes the symbiotic
relationship between the
whale and the barnacle?
A: Commensalism
17
List the three terms that
describe the ways
organisms obtain energy.
17
List the three terms that
describe the ways
organisms obtain energy.
A: Producer, Consumer,
Decomposer
18
What is the lowest level of
environmental organization
that hundreds of hawks
belong to?
18
What is the lowest level of
environmental organization
that hundreds of hawks
belong to?
A: Population (because
they are all members of
the same species.
19
What term describes the
level of environmental
organization that
encompasses both the
living and nonliving
environment of a
community?
19
What term describes the
level of environmental
organization that
encompasses both the
living and nonliving
environment of a
community?
A: Ecosystem
20
This is the study of the
interactions of living
organisms with one
another and with their
environment.
20
This is the study of the
interactions of living
organisms with one
another and with their
environment.
A: Ecology
21
Because grass is a finite
resource, the population of
elk can not grow beyond a
certain point. What term
describes the grass in this
scenario?
21
Because grass is a finite
resource, the population of
elk can not grow beyond a
certain point. What term
describes the grass in this
scenario?
A: Limiting Factor
22
The _______ _______
describes the largest
population that an
environment can support
at any giving time.
22
The carrying capacity
describes the largest
population that an
environment can support
at any giving time.
23
What is the name of a
diagram that shows an
ecosystem’s loss of energy
as a result of energy
passing through the
ecosystem’s food chain?
23
What is the name of a
diagram that shows an
ecosystem’s loss of energy
as a result of energy
passing through the
ecosystem’s food chain?
A: Energy Pyramid
24
This describes the part of
the Earth where life exists.
It is also the highest level
of environmental
organization.
24
This describes the part of
the Earth where life exists.
It is also the highest level
of environmental
organization.
A: Biosphere
25
On a farm, chickens, cows,
grass, pigs, and humans are
all examples of ______
factors.
25
On a farm, chickens, cows,
grass, pigs, and humans are
all examples of biotic
factors.
26
Organisms that get energy
by breaking down dead
organisms and recycling
nutrients back into the
environment are considered
to be __________.
26
Organisms that get energy
by breaking down dead
organisms and recycling
nutrients back into the
environment are considered
to be decomposers.
27
What do the populations of
wasps, bees, and trees in an
area make?
27
What do the populations of
wasps, bees, and trees in an
area make?
A: Community
(these are all living things)
28
Trees obtain energy by
converting sunlight into food.
Trees are an example of a
__________.
28
Trees obtain energy by
converting sunlight into food.
Trees are an example of a
producer.
29
Write the formula for
photosynthesis.
29
Write the formula for
photosynthesis.
A: sunlight + CO2 + H2O  O2 + glucose
30
Write the formula for
cellular respiration.
30
Write the formula for
cellular respiration.
A: O2 + glucose  ATP + CO2 + H2O
31
What is the source of energy
for almost all living things on
Earth?
31
What is the source of energy
for almost all living things on
Earth?
A: The sun
32
List the three types of
consumers.
32
List the three types of
consumers.
A: herbivore, omnivore,
carnivore
33
In a food web, which kind of
organism will never have an
arrow pointing at it? A
producer or a consumer?
33
In a food web, which kind of
organism will never have an
arrow pointing at it? A
producer or a consumer?
A: producers, because
energy comes to it directly
from the sun