Transcript Presentation - Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology

FIRST EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON BINASIA
29-30 APRIL 2004, BANGKOK
BIOTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS IN INDIA
U. N. BEHERA
JOINT SECRETARY
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
MINISTRY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Developments in Biotechnology
• One of the most important disciplines
• Radical transformation in the fields of
(a) agriculture
(b) health care
(c) industry
(d) environment management
• basic and applied research essential
Biotechnology in India
Initiative in early 1980’s
Agencies - DST, CSIR, ICAR, ICMR, UGC
National Biotechnology Development Board – 1982
Department of Biotechnology – 1986
Strategy :
• Creation of Infrastructure
• Human Resources Development
• Promotion of R & D
• Technology Transfer
• Promotion of Industry
• Public Private Partnership
• Regulation
• International Co-operation
Policy
Science Policy Resolution, 1958
Technology Policy, 1983
Science & Technology Policy, 2003
Biotechnology Vision, 2003
OUR VISION
“Attaining new heights in
biotechnology
research,
shaping biotechnology into
a premier precision tool of
the future for creation of
wealth and ensuring social
justice – specially for the
welfare of the poor.”
OUR MISSION
Realizing full potential of biotechnology
A well directed effort, significant investment for
generation of products, processes and technologies
Enhance efficiency , productivity and cost
effectiveness.
Scientific and technological empowerment of human
resource
Strong infrastructure for research and
commercialization
Enhance the knowledge base
Nurturing the leads of potential utility
Bringing the bioproducts to the market place
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Autonomous institutes
Research
&
Development
SAC ( O )
Human
Resources
Development
safety
Product and
Process
Developmen
t
SAC ( DBT)
Ethics
Bioinformatics
BRPC
Task forces
Biotech facilities
programme support
Inter
Biotech facilities,
(infrastructure )
national
Organizational Structure
U
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&
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d
u
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t
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y
Investments
1986-2003
Rs 18. 290 billion 1998-2004
OR
US$ 522.6 million @ USD 1 = Rs 35/Adding 30% additional contribution from other
S&T agencies supporting biology
The investment could be
US $ 679.3 Million
CORE ACTIVITIES
These activities form the basic necessities for
implementation of biotechnology programmes and their
development in the country both from the viewpoint of
application and commercialization.
Human Resource Development,
Support for New Centres of Excellence, Facilities,
Repositories and Services,
Basic and Product Oriented R&D,
Biotech Product and Process Development,
Bioinformatics,
International Cooperation,
Biotechnology
Based
Projects
for
Societal
Development
Support to the Autonomous Institutions,
Special thrust
Genomics of human, animals, plants and microbes
Network facilities for high throughput screening,
functional genomics, microarray and structural genomics
Pilot production facility for large-scale validation and
testing of important diagnostic kits.
Support basic and product oriented research and
development.
Bioinformatics
International cooperation in new areas of modern
biology including transgenics, computational biology,
pharmacogenomics, neurosciences, etc.
Special thrust
(continued)
Biotechnology
based
programmes
for
Societal
Development: for weaker sections of population, rural
development
and
women
to
utilise
proven
biotechnological tools for generating employment
opportunities; empower dedicated youth; provide
entrepreneurship training; utilisation of local natural
resources
and involve NGOs, grass root level
organisations, national laboratories and universities
Biovillages, biotechnology parks would be an integral
part of the societal development programme.
Autonomous Institutions
National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi
National Centre for Cell Sciences
Center for
Hyderabad;
DNA
Fingerprinting
&
Diagnostics,
National Center for Plant Genome Research, New Delhi;
National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon; and
Institute of Bioresource and Sustainable Development,
Imphal
Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar
Mission Mode Programmes
Genomics : covering humans, plants, animals and
microbes with emphasis on genome sequencing of
microbes relevant to India
Development of new drugs and molecules from
important medicinal plants: aims towards search for
molecular targets/active principles in medicinal plants
with respect to anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-arthritic,
anti-brain disorders, immunomodulatory properties and
cardio-protective agents..
Mission Mode Programmes…...
Bioresources characterization and inventorization and
documentation from the special ecosystems: To prepare
digitized inventories for bioresources – plant, animal,
microbial and marine.
Production, demonstration and testing of biofuels: The
programme focuses primarily on the 4 major aspects for
Biofuels and Bioenergy production:
Bioenergy
plantation, Bioethanol production, Biodiesel and
Hydrocarbons production and Alternative sources of
hydrogen production. The programme has been initiated
with
an
end-to-end
approach,
for
technology
development, demonstration and finally characterization
and evaluation.
Mission Mode Programmes……….
New generation vaccines: The diseases targeted are
Rabies, Cholera, HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, Japanese
Encephalitis and Malaria.
Biotechnological interventions for enhancing food and
nutritional
security:
the
programme
involves
enhancement of the crop productivity, value addition and
genetic engineering for enhanced nutritional status with
specific emphasis on development of pro-vitamin-A rice
in India for alleviation of vitamin-A deficiency and
nutritionally enhanced Potato, Chickpea etc.
HRD Programmes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Post Graduate Teaching Programmes
Ph D Programme
Post Doctoral Fellowship
Short Term Training Programes
Industrial Training
Seminar, Symposium, Conference
Awards and Scholarships
Travel Support
Post Graduate Teaching
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
General Biotechnology
Agricultural Biotechnology
Medical Biotechnology
Marine Biotechnology
Neurosciences
Industrial Biotechnology
Biochemical Engineering
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
IPR
30
7
3
2
3
1
6
1
1
Human Resource Development
• Post graduate teaching
in 54 universities & institutions
• Number of students benefited - 3000
• Biologist scholarships (10+2) - 185
• Biotech Industrial training to 350 students
• Post doctoral fellowships - 400
BIOINFORMATICS NETWORK

Year of Start – 1986

Total No. of Distributed Bioinformatics Centers- 61 with
each one is having focus on a specific area of
biotechnology

One year Advanced diploma course on Bioinformatics - 5

Interactive Graphics facility – 6

Mirror Sites – 5

Super Computing facility - 1

BIOGRID INDIA – 11 Nodes
FOCUS OF THE PROGRAMME
• Building bioinformatics infrastructure – to build up shared bioinformatics and
computational infrastructure from underlying advances in networking framework to
hardware resources
• Bioinformatics integration – full integration of enabling bioinformatics techniques and
technologies into biotechnology, health care and life sciences
• Information and software sharing – encourage sharing of major software and databases
within the BTISnet
• Promote bioinformatics cooperation – national and international
• Human resource development – the HRD programme on Bioinformatics will be
strengthened through systematic manpower development, technical training, scientific
exchanges and outreach
BIOGRID INDIA
Internet
MK Univ.,
Madurai
South
Campus,
DU, Delhi
CBT, DU
Campus, Delhi
Service Providers
VPN Network
IMT, Chandigarh
3640 Router Co-Located at Service
Providers Node in Delhi
Deptt. Of
Biotecdhnology, Delhi
Univ. of
Pune
CDFD, Hyderabad
NII, Delhi
Cisco 2611 Router
2 Mbps Leased Line
IISc,
Bangalore
NBRC,
Gurgaon
JNU, Delhi
BIOGRID INDIA
 To give access to more computational power.
 To make more data resources readily available.
 To enable collaborative working and resource
sharing through virtual organizations and
communities.
 To create new economic opportunities through
new products and services.
MIRROR SITES
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•
•
•
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EMBnet (CDFD)
PDB (IISc & University of Pune)
EBI Databases (Pune)
Plant Genome Databases (JNU)
Public domain Biotech Software (IMTECH)
Subject wise Classification of
Developed Databases
BROAD SUBJECT AREA
Agronomy
Marine Biology
Aquaculture & Fisheries
Medical Sciences
Biodiversity
Microbiology & Parasitology
Bioinformatics &
Computational Biology
Molecular Biology &
Biochemistry
Commercial Biotechnology
Plant Sciences
Crop Science & Biotechnology
Taxonomy
Entomology
Tissue Culture
Environmental Science
Veterinary Science
Intellectual Property Rights
SOFTWARE CATEGORY
Sequence Analysis
Analysis of Function
Molecular Modelling
Simulation Studies
RAPD/RFLP/ Restriction
Mapping
2D and 3D Graphics
Cytogenetic Studies
Image processing
Primer Design
Statistical Analysis
Query and search engines
Structure Prediction
Management Information
Systems
Bibliographic
Evolutionary Studies
Some Major Biotechnology Facilities
DBT has established 59 major infrastructure facilities
19 in plant Sciences
10 in medical sciences
30 useful for both areas and others
6 Culture collectionsBlue green algae
Marine cyanobacteria
Agriculturally useful organisms
Industrial microbes
Filaria
Tuberculii
2 Animal House Facilities
Some Major Biotechnology Facilities…..
16 Genetic counseling centers established benefiting
18000 families and 4500 tribal families
2 Microarray Facilities
5 Automatic DNA sequencing Facilities
4 genomic /proteomic facilities
10 facilities for drug and molecular design
8 Gene Banks for crops and medicinal and aromatic
plants
3 High/medium throughput facilities for screening
extracts
5 Centers of Plant Molecular Biology
4 Centers for Genetic Engineering
MICROBIAL TYPE CULTURE COLLECTIONS HOME PAGE
www.mtcc.res.in
MTCC is now an International Depositary
Authority (IDA) Under the Budapest
Treaty on the International Recognition of
the Deposit of Microorganisms for the
Purposes of Patent Procedure from
October 2002
Research & Development
1986 -2003
More than 2000
areas.
R&D projects launched in 20 identified
To harness biological wealth and bioresource utilization,
National Bioresource Development Board set up and
bioprospecting,
establishment
of
gene
banks
for
conservation
and
bioresource
inventorisation
and
development programmes implemented.
Rice genome sequencing project implemented as member
of International Initiative to complete the sequencing of part
of chromosome 11 completed before time with international
appreciation.
Complete sequencing of Indian isolate of hepatitis C done
Status of vaccine research

Rabies


Cholera
Rotavirus



HIV
Malaria
Anthrax
Others
 Tuberculosis
JEV
Ready for commercial use in
animals – approvals awaited
Phase-IIA clinical trials
Phase –I clinical trials, large
scale production of GMP
materials with industry
Pre-clinical evaluation for
toxicity and immunogenicity,
negotiation for large scale
production of GMP
materials with industry
Pre-clinical evaluation for
toxicity and immunogenicity
Summary of Transgenic Research in India
Target Crops/ Vegetables
Cotton, Corn, Mustard, Rice, Soybean, Potato, Tobacco,
Coffee, Tomato, Brinjal, Cauliflower, Pea, Cabbage, Banana,
Muskmelon, Pigeonpea, Chickpea, Bell-pepper, Blackgram,
Chilli, Watermelon etc.
Transgenes Employed
Bt. toxin genes, Herbicide tolerant genes (CP4 EPSPS, Bar
gene), Xa21, ctx-B and tcp of V.cholera, Chitinase, Glucanase,
ACC synthase, RIP, Protease Inhibitor, Lectin, Ama-1,
OXDC gene, Rabies glycoprotein gene, Bar, Barnase, Barstar,
GNA gene, Vip-3 gene, Bacterial Blight Resistance gene,
Osmotin etc.
Over 30 transgenic crops are under evaluation
Ready for
field
trials(3)
Under
green house
trial(16)
Ready for
greenhouse
Released for trial(3)
Under Field
trials(3)
Large scale
field
trials(1)
commercial
cultivation
(1)
Bt Cotton
•
•
Seeds were imported in 1996
GEAC approved on March 26, 2002, the first
commercial transgenic crop:- Bt cotton
• The first year Bt cotton was sown in about 40,000 hac,
spread over six states.
• Farm trials have found:
 the GM cotton gave higher yield than conventional
varieties.
 used less pesticide than conventional varieties.
•
The Bt cotton in the year 2003
> 250,000 Acres
was cultivated in
Summary of r-DNA Research in India
Number of Institutions engaged
~
230
Number of Private Institutions engaged
in transgenic research
Number of Public funded Institutions
engaged in transgenic research
Number of Private Institutions engaged
in r-DNA therapeutics
~
~
~
Other Institutions engaged in basic work ~
35
47
37
111
Technology Transfer
About 69 technologies from
indigenous R&D leads transferred to industry
7
2
1 1
2
4
4
2
5
35
Food BT
Micropropagation
Others
Health Care
Vet care roducts
biofertilisers
biocontrol agents
Environment
Aquaculture/marine
Herbal products
Technology transfer
Products in Market resulting in import substitution and
value addition
HIV diagnostic kits-Western Blot and ELISA test ,
Liposome mediated Amphotericin B drug delivery system,
Leprosy vaccine (1st of its kind in the world),
14 diagnostic kits for detection of Pregnancy and
contraceptive problems,
12 Packages for bio-remediation of petroleum oil spills,
6 bio-fertilizers,
5 bio-pesticides formulations
6 Plant Tissue Culture protocols
Technology parks and incubators
A new scheme namely “Technology Incubators Pilot
Level Facilities and Biotech Parks” introduced
particularly for promotion of industrial biotechnology
The Golden Jubilee Women’s Biotechnology Park
established at Chennai with 20 industrial modules.
Lucknow has been declared as Biotechnology city
with
implementation
of
Phase-I
activities
on
Bioinformatics. A Biotechnology park established
A Genome Valley established with Biotechnology
Incubator in Hyderabad
Biotech industrial growth
1998-2003
About 38 companies are operational
modern biotechnological products.
Additional 170 companies registered for
future production activities
in
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION
Europe: U.K., Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Poland,
France, Russia, Belarus,
North America: USA
South America: Brazil, Argentina, Cuba
Asia:
Multilateral- ASEAN, Asian Cooperation dialogue (ACD),
SAARC
Bilateral: Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore,
Mangolia, China, Japan, South Korea, Syria, Israel,
Iran
Africa: Sudan, Egypt, Tunisia, Mauritius
Regulation
GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
(GMSs) AND r-DNA PRODUCTS
GOVERNED BY
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 - Rules, 1989
Industries (Development & Regulation) Act, 1951
 - New Industrial Policy & Procedures, 1991
Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940
 - Drugs (Price Control) Order - 1995
 - Drug Policy-1986 & Modification in September, 1994 &
 February, 1999.
Seeds Act, 1966
Seeds Rules, 1968
Seeds (Control) Order, 1983
Seeds Policy, 1988
Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Right Act, 2001
r-DNA GUIDELINES
1990
“Recombinant DNA Safety Guidelines”
1994
“ Revised Guidelines for Safety in Biotechnology”
1998
“ Revised Guidelines for Research in Transgenic Plants &
Guidelines for Toxicity and Allergenicity Evaluation of
Transgenic Seeds, Plant Parts”
Competent Authorities
The Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC)
Advisory
The Review Committee on
Genetic Manipulation (RCGM)
The Recombinant DNA
Committee(RDAC)
The Monitoring and
Evaluation Committee (MEC)
The Institute Biosafety
Committee (IBSC)
The State Biosafety Coordination Committee (SBCC)
The District Level Committee (DLC)
Other initiatives
Establishment of patent facilitation cell and to promote
national and international patents of indigenous innovations
and 112 patents filled with 7 international patents and 7 national
patents granted.
Revision of biosafety guidelines for transgenic plants.
Guidelines for clinical trials of recombinant DNA vaccines
formulated and published.
Single window application processing mechanism for
recombinant products setup.
Accession to Budapest Treaty on microorganisms and
establishment of International Depository Authority.
National bioethics committee setup:Ethical policies on
human genome, genetic research and services published.
BINASIA
1. An excellent idea for sharing of resources and
expertise among the member countries
2. It could also provide close interaction with the
scientific community in the region
3. It should provide seamless integration with the
individual networks
4. It should provide access to the databases and
softwares developed in different countries
5. India will be happy to share the information
resources, know-how and expertise to
strengthen biotechnology growth in the region
BINASIA (Contd..)
6. India would actively participate in taking up joint
programmes in human resource development, research
& development and sharing of resources and expertise
with the member countries
7. India’s bioinformatics expertise will be useful in
establishing and managing the web site for BINASIA
8. Organization and participation in short-term training
programmes, exchange of overseas fellowships can
immediately be implemented
9. Networking of scientists and laboratories for the
purpose of joint research programmes in the areas of
common interest should also be seriously explored to
make BINASIA successful
Consult Our Web sites
www.dbtindia.nic.in
www.btisnet.nic.in