Transcript Cell Division Gone Wrong

Cell Division Gone
Wrong….
Cancer
Rates of Cell Division
•
•
•
•
Inner lining of small intestine – a week or less
Pancreas – a year or more
Liver – Cell rarely divide unless injured
Skin – Cells will divide to replace cells
▫ Healthy skin – lower rate of cell division
• Cancer – Greater rate than the surrounding
tissue
What causes Cancer?
• A mutation that
occurs in a cell’s
DNA that increases
it’s rate of cell
division
What is Cancer?
• A Cancer cell keeps dividing
despite messages from the
nucleus to stop growing and
dividing
Cancer results in a
Tumour
Colon Cancer Cells
• Rapidly growing cells that
form a lump
• May or may not affect
surrounding cells.
Benign Tumour
•A growth with no serious
effects on surrounding tissue
except crowding of cells.
Malignant Tumour
• A growth that interferes with
the function of neighbouring
cells and tissues
• Can destroy surrounding
tissue
Secondary Tumours
• A group of cells which breaks
away from the original
(primary) tumour.
• Metastasis – The process of a
cancerous cell travelling
through the body to settle in a
new location.
Metastatic Cancer
Tumours found in the colon might not be colon cancer.
Most Common Metastasis Sites
Bladder
Bone, liver, lung
Breast
Bone, brain, liver, lung
Colorectal
Liver, lung, peritoneum
Kidney
Adrenal gland, bone, brain, liver,
lung
Lung
Adrenal gland, bone, brain, liver,
other lung
Melanoma
Bone, brain, liver, lung,
skin/muscle
Ovary
Liver, lung, peritoneum
Pancreas
Liver, lung, peritoneum
Prostate
Adrenal gland, bone, liver, lung
Stomach
Liver, lung, peritoneum
Thyroid
Bone, liver, lung
Uterus
Bone, liver, lung, peritoneum,
vagina
Lung Cancer
Cancer Video
Mitosis Gone Wrong
Prostrate Cancer Cell
Lung Cancer Cell
Breast Cancer Cell
Cell Division leading to Benign
and Malignant Tumours
Causes of Cancer
•Carcinogens – environmental
factors
tobacco smoke
Radiation (x-rays)
UV rays (sun, tanning beds)
Some viruses
Chemicals in some plastics
Causes of Cancer
•Hereditary
Called inherited cancer
An abnormal gene (piece of
DNA) is passed from parent to
child that can potentially cause
cancer
Ex. Genes associated with breast
and colon cancers
Diagnosing Cancer
Cancer screening – Increase the
chance for early detection and
treatment.
Cancer Screening
• Check to see if inherited DNA is
linked to cancer; important with
family history of breast or colon
cancer.
Breast Cancer Cells
Colon cancer
Cancer Screening
Irregular Mole
• Breast Cancer – regular self examination
• Cervical Cancer – regular pap smears
• Testicular Cancer – testicular self exam
• Prostate Cancer – blood test
• Skin Cancer – check moles for “ABCD”
Asymmetry, Border, Color, and Diameter
Diagnosing Cancer
Imaging Technology
• Endoscopy – camera, cable sent into
the body to look at tissue and remove
tissue samples
Diagnosing Cancer
•X-ray – to view
bones/lungs
•Mammogram – to view
breast tissue
•Ultrasound – sound
waves create a digital
image
Diagnosing Cancer
• CT or CAT scan – multiple x-rays
assembled in an image more
detailed than x-rays
• MRI – radio waves
create 3D models
of images
Diagnosing Cancer
•Biopsy – look at a sample of
cells under a microscope.
Treatment for Cancer
• Surgery – removal of cancerous
tissue
• Chemotherapy
• specific drugs to slow/stop cancer
division
• side effects – hair loss, nausea,
fatigue
Treatment for Cancer
• Radiation
• damages Cancer DNA
• focused beam or implant
Treatment for Cancer
• Biophotonics
• uses light energy to diagnose and
treat living cells
• fewer side effects
• accurate target with cancer cells
Radiation Technology
• Video
Reducing the Risk
•Lifestyle choices:
Healthy Diet – lots of fruits and
vegetables, reduced fatty meat.
Exercise – some
cancers are associated
with higher body fat.
Reducing the Risk
Avoid Smoking - every
cigarette feeds your body with
chemicals which covert in your
body to toxic compounds which
change
the DNA of
body cells.
Vocabulary!
Tumour
Benign Tumour
Malignant Tumour
Mutations
Ultrasound
Carcinogens
Endoscopy
CT scan
Biophotonics
MRI
Chemotherapy
Work!
1. What is a tumour?
2. What does it mean when a tumour goes
through metastasis?
3. Why is important to screen yourself for cancer?
4. What is a carcinogen? Identify two
carcinogens.
5. Name two different treatments and indicate
how they work.
6. What can you do to prevent yourself from
getting cancer?