Transcript Life Science Leoce review

Life Science LEOCE review
STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS
NOS Key terms
What is the measurement of the leaf in MM?
What is the measurement of the leaf in MM?
36 mm
What could cause a Scientific theory to be modified?
•New scientific
discoveries are often
based on previous data
or concepts
•Theories are based on
the best available
evidence, but they may
change as new evidence
is discovered
Things to remember
 A hypothesis is a statement or prediction
It is not a question
It is not directions
It is not results
 You need to have a control group
 Only test one thing at a time
 Repeat the experiment
 Experiment should be able to be replicated
Sophie and Bob wanted to know if the amount of caffeine in energy drinks will affect their heart
rate. They used energy drinks with the same ingredients but with different amounts of caffeine.
The table shows their results:
a) Hypothesis:
b) Outcome variable (dependent variable) What is measured =
c) Test variable ( independent variable ) What is tested or changed =
d) Experimental group:
e) Control group:
f) Conclusion:
Sophie and Bob wanted to know if the amount of caffeine in energy drinks will affect their heart
rate. They used energy drinks with the same ingredients but with different amounts of caffeine.
The table shows their results:
a) Hypothesis: 120 mg caffeine will cause the heart to increase because caffeine is a
stimulant
b) Outcome variable (dependent variable) What is measured =
c) Test variable ( independent variable ) What is tested or changed =
d) Experimental group:
e) Control group:
f) Conclusion:
Sophie and Bob wanted to know if the amount of caffeine in energy drinks will affect their heart
rate. They used energy drinks with the same ingredients but with different amounts of caffeine.
The table shows their results:
a) Hypothesis: 120 mg caffeine will cause the heart to increase because caffeine is a
stimulant
b) Outcome variable (dependent variable) What is measured = heart rate
c) Test variable ( independent variable ) What is tested or changed =
d) Experimental group:
e) Control group:
f) Conclusion:
Sophie and Bob wanted to know if the amount of caffeine in energy drinks will affect their heart
rate. They used energy drinks with the same ingredients but with different amounts of caffeine.
The table shows their results:
a) Hypothesis: 120 mg caffeine will cause the heart to increase because caffeine is a
stimulant
b) Outcome variable (dependent variable) What is measured = heart rate
c) Test variable ( independent variable ) What is tested or changed = amounts of
caffeine ( 35mg and 120mg)
d) Experimental group:
e) Control group:
f) Conclusion:
Sophie and Bob wanted to know if the amount of caffeine in energy drinks will affect their heart
rate. They used energy drinks with the same ingredients but with different amounts of caffeine.
The table shows their results:
a) Hypothesis: 120 mg caffeine will cause the heart to increase because caffeine is a
stimulant
b) Outcome variable (dependent variable) What is measured = heart rate
c) Test variable ( independent variable ) What is tested or changed = amounts of
caffeine ( 35mg and 120mg)
d) Experimental group: 35mg and 120mg caffeine
e) Control group:
f) Conclusion:
Sophie and Bob wanted to know if the amount of caffeine in energy drinks will affect their heart
rate. They used energy drinks with the same ingredients but with different amounts of caffeine.
The table shows their results:
a) Hypothesis: 120 mg caffeine will cause the heart to increase because caffeine is a
stimulant
b) Outcome variable (dependent variable) What is measured = heart rate
c) Test variable ( independent variable ) What is tested or changed = amounts of
caffeine ( 35mg and 120mg)
d) Experimental group: 35mg and 120mg caffeine
e) Control group: 0 mg caffeine
f) Conclusion:
Sophie and Bob wanted to know if the amount of caffeine in energy drinks will affect their heart
rate. They used energy drinks with the same ingredients but with different amounts of caffeine.
The table shows their results:
a) Hypothesis: 120 mg caffeine will cause the heart to increase because caffeine is a
stimulant
b) Outcome variable (dependent variable) What is measured = heart rate
c) Test variable ( independent variable ) What is tested or changed = amounts of
caffeine ( 35mg and 120mg)
d) Experimental group: 35mg and 120mg caffeine
e) Control group: 0 mg caffeine
f) Conclusion: Drink C with 120 mg caffeine caused the heart rate to increase to 119
beats per minute
Drink B with 35 mg caffeine caused the heart rate to increase to 78 beats
per minute
Drink A with 0 mg caffeine caused the heart rate to increase to 69 beats
per minute
Drink C with the most caffeine had the highest heart rate and was recorded as 50 beats
per minute higher than Drink A with no caffeine. Therefore, caffeine caused the heart
rate to increase.
How many days
does it take for
the plant height
to more than
double?
Mike wants to find out which color water will take longer to heat up. He poured 20ml of blue water, 20ml of black
water, and 15ml of red water into separate beakers and then poured clear water into a fourth beaker. He placed
the blue and black water in the driveway, clear water on the patio and red water in the shade. He checked the
temperature of the beakers in the driveway at 2 pm and all other beakers were checked at 4 pm.
Mike wants to find out which color water will take longer to heat up. He poured 20ml of blue water, 20ml of black
water, and 15ml of red water into separate beakers and then poured clear water into a fourth beaker. He placed the
blue and black water in the driveway, clear water on the patio and red water in the shade. He checked the
temperature of the beakers in the driveway at 2 pm and all other beakers were checked at 4 pm.
ERRORS: Used different amounts of water
Placed beakers in different locations
Checked temperature at different times
Did not use a thermometer
Did not repeat his experiment
CORRECT: Pour 20 ml of blue, black, red and clear water into a beaker.
Place all beakers on the driveway so they receive the same amount of light.
Check the temperature of the beakers at 2pm with a thermometer and record
results.
Repeat experiment 2 more times.
Unit 2 Key Terms
State the three parts of the cell theory
State the three parts of the cell theory
 All living things are made of cells
 Cell is the basic unit of life
 All new cells come from other cells
Describe how the cell theory developed and changed over time
The improvement in microscopes and
microscope technology
techniques during the last two centuries.
Many observations
Describe how the cell theory developed and changed over time
Collaboration between many other scientists.
Scientific theories are based on the best available evidence, but they
may change as new evidence is discovered
What cell structures are found in plant cells but not animals?
Cell wall and chloroplast
Describe the function of the following cell parts:
 Cell wall-stiff structure outside the cell membrane in a plant cell
 Cell membrane- flexible covering that protects inside of a cell from the
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
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outside environment; controls what moves in and out of the cell
Nucleus- directs cell activities and contains genetic information
Cytoplasm-fluid inside a cell
Chloroplast-captures light energy from the Sun, water and carbon
dioxide to make food (glucose)
Mitochondria- produces energy for the cell
Vacuole- stores food, water and waste materials, larger in plants than
animals
How do cells maintain homeostasis?
 By moving materials into
and out of the cell to
maintain a constant balance
depending upon external
and internal environment
 Maintaining a fluid balance
by regulating the gain and loss of water
Describe the procedures you would follow for viewing a specimen
with a microscope when changing from low to high power
 Make sure the specimen is centered in point of view
 Turn objective lenses while making sure objective does not touch
specimen
 Focus only using fine adjustment knob
Unit 3 Key Terms
What are the levels of organization in multicellular organisms?
What are the main functions of the body systems?
 Nervous: gathers, processes and responds to
information, communication and control
 Excretory: filters waste from the blood and
regulate the levels of fluid in the body
 Musculoskeletal: helps support the body,enables
the body to move and helps protect internal
organs
What are the main functions of the body systems?
Circulatory: moves materials throughout
the body
Digestive: breaks down food and absorbs
nutrients for the body
Respiratory: provides the body with oxygen
and removes carbon dioxide
Describe the path that food as it travels through the body
Mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestines
Large intestine
Describe the path of blood as it travels through the body
Heart artery capillary body veins heart
Describe how systems interact with each other to maintain
homeostasis
Nervous systems controls the breathing and
heart
Muscular systems makes the diaphragm
that moves up and down to allow air to
enter and leave the lungs
Skeletal system protects vital organs
Describe how systems interact with each other to maintain
homeostasis
Circulatory system moves oxygen from the
lungs to cells in the body using the
Respiratory system
Most oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange
occurs between the Respiratory and the
Circulatory systems
Unit 4 Heredity and Reproduction Key words
In guinea pigs black fur is dominant and white fur is recessive.
Draw a Punnett Square that shows the cross between a
homozygous dominant guinea pig with a heterozygous guinea pig.
What percentage of the offspring will be black? What percentage of
the offspring will be white?
Punnett Squares shows us the possible combination of alleles each
offspring might inherit
Possible genotypes
Homozygous
Heterozygous
BB dominant
Bb dominant
bb recessive
Determine the percentages of offspring that will be tall
TT X Tt
What would the phenotypes be for these? What are the ways to get
recessive traits?
Describe the relationship between the
nucleus, chromosome and genes
Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of a cell and genes are located on chromosomes
Compare the offspring produced
Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation asexual does not
Asexual
Sexual
 Identical to
 Similar to their parent since
parent
offspring are a mixture
of traits.
Compare/Contrast the results of mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis produces twice as many chromosomes as the parent cell
Mitosis
Produces 2 identical
daughter cells
Meiosis
Produces 4 similar
daughter cells
Using pedigree label the generations and determine carriers
Unit 5 Key terms