Transcript A Close-Up View of You

A Close-Up View of You
Chapter 1
Your Life Path
Your birth marks the beginning of your path in this
world
Life Span – your path from birth to death
Each person’s life path is unique although it might be
similar to others, no one will have a life path just like
another person’s life path
Heredity
You start your life path with genes you receive from
your parents
Gene – the basic unit of heredity
Your unique pattern of genes is defined as you DNA
Your DNA is so distinctive it can be used as a form of
identification
Growth Stages
Birth
Childhood
Elementary
Years
Teen Years
Young
Adult Years
Adult Years
Older
Adult Years
Death
Life Path
Your life path will cross other people’s life path
Direct Influences – actions and words
Indirect Influences – not being invited to a party
You will also influence people directly and indirectly
Changes over Your Life Span
Developmental task – a skill that society expects of
individuals at various stages of life
Accomplishing these tasks successfully helps you
become an adult
Understanding and Accepting
Yourself
One developmental task of a teen is to figure out
“Who am I?’
Self-identity – a sense of individuality
Exploring the answer to this question will help you feel
you have worth and value
Accepting who you are will make it easier for others to
accept you as you are
Developing Mature
Relationships
Parents
Decreasing dependence and increasing independence
Learning to live independently will help teens prepare
for an occupation
Preparing for Change
Change is a part of normal life, although many fear
change
In order to prepare for change you need to use these
skills
1.
Gather Information
Learn as much as you can
•
Develop Skills to Adjust
3. Managing the Change
2.
•
Example: Budgets and schedule
Heredity
Heredity is the sum of the qualities that were passed
from your ancestors through your parents to you
Hair color
Facial features
Height
The way you feel
The way you behave
Genes
A person normally inherits 23 rod-shaped particles
called chromosome from each biological parent. The
chromosome carry hereditary information from each
biological parents. The child will get a total of 46
chromosome from their biological parent.
Genes determine all the inherited characteristics or
traits
Physical Characteristics
Because of inherited genes you physical appearance
may be similar to a brother, sister or other family
member
Dominate Genes determine the nature of a certain
trait in a person. A dominant gene always overrules a
recessive gene
Example: Curly hair and brown eyes
Recessive genes determine the nature of the trait only
when two of them are present. The child must receive
one recessive gene form each parent
Example: Blond hair and blue eyes
Punnett Square
Punnett Square determine what possible gene pairs
may result from combining two genes
Brain Development and
Intelligence
Intelligence – your capacity for mental activity
Your ability to learn, understand, reason and think
How Your Brain Functions
Your are born over 100 billion nerve cell called
neurons
Neurotransmitter are chemicals that allow messages to
to be carried between neurons
Chemicals produced in the synapses can be affected by
heredity and environment
How Your Brain Grows and
Develops
Parts of the brain that are not used are trimmed back,
and those nerve cells die off – use it or lose it
The critical time for learning to take place is called a
window of opportunity. If the window is missed, the
cells die off and the related development does not take
place
Hereditary Diseases
Certain diseases and disabilities are inherited
Some people are carries of a disease. This means they
can pass the disease to their children but never have it
themselves. A person who has a recessive gene for a
disease may not show ANY symptoms of the disease
Defective genes affect a person when they are inherited
in pairs. This is why marriage between blood relatives
is discouraged. Children of these marriage have a
higher chance of inheriting pairs of defective genes,
which may result in birth defects and even death.
Genetic Counseling
Genetic counselors help people understand how
hereditary diseases and disabilities are passed on.
Your Family Tree is a list of your blood relatives for
several generations. By tracing your family tree, you
can identify conditions that could be hereditary in
your family.
Medical Research Vs. the
Right to Privacy
Potential Problems regarding medical research and an
Individual’s Right to Privacy
Misuse of medical information could lead to
discrimination
2. A person with a high chance of a future serious illness
may not be able to find employment
3. An insurance company may choose not to insure a
person based on that individual risk of having a costly
illness
1.
Environment
Your environment includes everything in your
surrounding
Example: family, friends, home and school
Both heredity and environment influence personal
development
The Influence of the Family
Environment
The family is usually the major human influence in a
person’s life
Most families want to provide a nurturing environment
Children feel secure and protected
Physical needs met
Learning opportunities
A child needs met on giving and receiving love
In such an environment, family members can grow and
develop to maturity
The Prenatal Environment
The prenatal environment is the child’s surrounding
before birth. The way a woman cares for herself during
pregnancy will affect her baby.
Eating properly
Avoiding drugs and medications
Family in the Early Years
Safe environment
Feel love and secure
Provide experience which stimulation their intellectual
development
Provide task for children do by themselves
Picking up toys
Getting dress
Making bed
Family in the Teen Years
Families can help a teen move to independence by:
Encouraging teens to develop friendships
2. Paying tuition to go to college
3. Allowing to express negative feelings in a family meeing
1.
o
Development task of teen
Developing mature relationships
2. Preparing for marriage and family living
3. Preparing for an occupation
1.
Family Structure
The structure of a family can influence many areas of a
child’s life
Not all family structures will look the same
It is important the family fulfills it functions and meets
the needs of each family members
Siblings
Siblings is a brother or sister
Being the first, the last, middle or only child can make
a difference in a child’s development
Sibling Position
First Child
Parents are usually idealistic with their first child
High expectations
Given more responsibility in the family
May be required to set example and care for younger
children
May develop skills such as:
Making decision
Organizing task
Supervision others
Youngest Child
Often receives a lot of attention
Many times older siblings will complete task that the
youngest child could do because of this youngest child
may be slow to develop self- help skills and how to
express themselves
In some families, expectations for the youngest child
are lower from older to younger also they might
provide fewer limits and responsibilities
Middle Child
Not given the responsibility as the oldest child or the
same attention as the youngest child
Some become pacemaker
Some middle children put extra effort into their work
to outdo an older sibling, others respond by choosing
unacceptable activates that will get attention
Only Child
May take longer to resolve conflicts with playmates
Spend more time one on one with adults
This can cause immature actions and attidues
Your Cultural Heritage and
Society
Families are strongly influenced by its cultural heritage
Cultural Heritage is learned behavior that is passed
from generation to generation
Holidays
Foods you eat
Religious traditions or ceremonies
Families pass on their customs and traditions to their
children
The School Environment
Experiencing new situations and becoming more selfreliant
Families needed to give encouragement to help adjust
to their new environment
A quality school environment provides a setting that
encourages students to learn and grow
Teachers help students with praise and encouragement
Then Influence of Peers
Peers are the people who are the same age
Share common experiences as they are in the same age
group
Peers can also influence the plans you make for future
As teen spend time with their friends, they learn to
develop close relationships
This is important because it prepares you adult for
marriage
Your Community’s Influence
Your community is part of your environment
Example housing, schools, parks and recreation
programs
Resources available
Jobs
Clean air and healthful environment
Available shopping
Religious Institutions
Technology and the
Environment
Technology is a powerful element in today’s
environment
Technology influence:
Food you eat
Clothes you wear
Car you drive
Work you do
The Influence of Media and
Electronic Entertainment
Media – television, radio, newspaper, magazines and
the internet; used to communicate with large groups of
people and in many cases provide entertainment as
well
The creators of media and entertainment can
influence the public – sometimes without people
realizing it is happening
The Effects of Advertising
Advertising strongly influences how you spend your
money. It is designed to stimulate sales of good and
services by giving you information about the item.
Advertisers constantly try to persuade you to choose
their products over others
Stress, Violence, and the
Global Environment
Some stress is positive because it prompts a person to
act
Extreme or long-term stress can have a negative effect
on your growth. It can put the body in a state know as
fight or flight
The Environment in the Adult
Years
A person’s job
Marriage and Parenting
Responding with Resiliency
Scientists are constantly learning new things bout the
brain and the human body’s amazing ability to respond
with resiliency. That means the body adjust to setbacks
and makes changes to service and reach its maximum
growth and development.