Transcript Thurs_BioTechnology

TOPIC:
ISN page 160-161
MT 16, Genetics
Thurs
02.27.13
MY GOAL: I will… get a brief overview of genetic
technology
GET
ON
TASK
1. If you did NOT take
yesterday’s MiniSum,
you will leave the room
for the first 10 minutes
while we go over it
Today
GO OVER
Genetic
Technology
REVIEW
MiniSum from
yesterday
THINK
about
BioEthics
Copy this on to pages 160-161
Genetic Technology
How it affects me
1.
Genetic Engineering
1.
Recombinant DNA
2.
•
•
2.
•
direct human
manipulation of an
organism's genome –
moving genes across
species…for practical
purposes
rDNA is artificial DNA
that is created by
combining two or
more sequences that
would not normally
occur together.
Transgenic Organism
•
has been genetically
engineered having
genes from more
than one organism
GM Foods
genes in food are
modified by man!
3.
Gene Therapy
•
experimental
technique that uses
genes to treat or
prevent disease
Genetic Engineering
refers to a set of technologies that are being used to change the genetic
makeup of cells and move genes across species boundaries for practical
purposes…but it also to produces novel aka weird organisms!
Genetic
Engineering in
MEDICINE
Gene Therapy In Medicine
1. Microbubbles used to deliver medicines…
Ultrasound causes the bubbles to release drugs bound to them.
They think that when this happens, these bubbles will put little holes
in the vessel linings of the blood brain barrier.
 We may be able to use these microscopic holes to
get certain genes into the brain that would
counteract some of the genetic disorders that are
associated with Sanfilippo syndrome & other genetic
disorders.
2. Gene therapy for sickle cell…
By inactivating a gene they previously discovered to be important
in the laboratory, they were able to boost production of a healthy
fetal form of hemoglobin in the mice
 potentially compensating for the defective adult
hemoglobin that causes red blood cells to "sickle"
and obstruct blood flow.
In Medicine, cont.
3. Goats producing therapeutic proteins…
Researchers have used gene therapy to
reduce the time it takes to breed goats
capable of producing therapeutic proteins in
their milk, such as insulin or those that fight
cancer.
4. Mice & tumor suppressor genes…
A mouse resistant to cancer, has been created
at the U. of Kentucky… they found a tumorsuppressor gene called "Par-4" which kills
cancer cells but not normal cells
GENE
THERAPY
Gene Therapy
•
•
Experimental technique using genes to treat or
prevent disease.
Researchers testing several types:
1. Replacing a mutated gene that causes disease with a
healthy copy of the gene  using viruses!!!
2. Viral DNA takes over human DNA
http://www.edu
365.cat/aulanet
/comsoc/Lab_b
io/simulacions/
GeneTherapy/
GeneTherapy.ht
m
Recombinant
DNA
TRANSGENIC
ORGANISMS
http://www.mnn.com/gre
tech/research-innovations
•1 organism w/ two different genes –
•Made by Recombining genes of two organisms 
Called Recombinant DNA technology
•Resulting organism called "genetically modified,"
"genetically engineered," or "transgenic."
•Basically  are plants, animals, or bacteria that have
been genetically modified to contain a gene from a
totally different species 
Transgenic Organisms =
one organism, 2 DNA’s
Bacteria Gene + Human Gene
Recombinant
DNA

http://triplehelixblog.com/2010/10/sheep-goats-and-pigs-ohmy-milking-transgenic-animals-for-medicine/

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4605202.stm

http://www.mongabay.com/external/glowing_fish.htm

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/01/0111_02
0111genmice.html

http://www.ekac.org/gfpbunny.html#gfpbunnyanchor
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/0903182112
36.htm
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/0912301741
28.htm
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/1010271247
34.htm
Transgenic Themed Art!!
Eduardo Kac
made “Alba”
"Natural History of
the Enigma," in
which Kac created
a plantimal, a new
life form he calls
"Edunia", a
geneticallyengineered flower
that is a hybrid of
the artist and
Petunia. The red
veins are from his
DNA!
Patricia Puccinni
GM
FOODS
GM FOODS
•
Bacillus thuringiensis
(Bt) = asoil bacterium
that produces
insecticidal toxins.
•
Genes from Bt can be
inserted into crop
plants to make them
capable of producing
an insecticidal toxins
& therefore resistant to
certain pests
•
Uganda – 2007 - Bananas were
engineered with rice genes that carry
instructions for proteins called chitinases.
Chitinases break up molecules called
chitin – found in insect skeletons and also
the cell walls of fungi.
•
Australia 2010 - GM bananas are being
developed as part of Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation, which is aimed at
alleviating mineral & health
deficiencies in East Africa.  GM
bananas had genes added to increase
the levels of pro-vitamin A and iron in the
fruit  could be available in East Africa in
five years.
GM FOODS
1. Tomatoes + Genes from snapdragons
= anthocyanin pigment that is an
antioxident – seems to inhibit growth
of cancer cells
2. Pluots = Plum + Apricot = extra Vit. C
3. Tangelo = Tangerine + Grapefruit =
extra fiber & Vit. C
4. Diabetes-fighting lettuce = no more
injections! UCF professor has created a
GM strain of that carries the insulin
gene. The lettuce cells protect the insulin
on its journey through the digestive tract,
and when the insulin reaches the
intestines, the body’s natural insulinproducing response is triggered.
1. Okay, so a lemon and a tomato aren’t the most natural of pairs, but that didn’t
stop Israeli researchers from bringing us the Lemato!
2. Unlike other genetically altered fruits and veggies (which were created
primarily for health reasons)…….
3. it appears that the lemato was solely an experiment to determine if it was
possible to make tomatos give off the scent of lemons.
4. Mission accomplished!
GM FOODS
1. For conventionally grown fruit (grown with chemicals
inputs), the PLU code on the sticker consists of 4
numbers.
2. Organically grown fruit has a 5-numeral PLU
prefaced by the number 9.
3. Genetically engineered (GM) fruit has a five-numeral
PLU prefaced by the number 8.
A. Example:
1) Conventional banana = 4011.
2) Organic banana = 94011.
3) GM banana = 84011.
Genetic
Engineering and
Ethical Concerns
Ethics = What is right & what is
wrong… according to your
own personal views & the
views of society
What’s the Point?
•GM products include medicines & vaccines,
foods & food ingredients, feeds, and fibers.
•Ex. Glowing tomatoes – glow gene from jellyfish
•Ex. Florescent Green pigs to see development
•To make fish bigger
•To make crops yield more
•Dev. ‘no tear’ onion
•Dev. Colored cotton
•Enhance taste of foods
•Increased food security for starving nations
•To dev. transplant organs from animals: pig hearts
•Make medicine (insulin from transgenic bacteria & pigs)
Borrowed Genes
http://www.nytim
es.com/imagepa
ges/2007/07/30/
washington/2007
0730_biotech_gr
aphic.html
•The study of ethical issues and decision-making
associated with the use of living organisms
•Balancing benefits & risks.
•While scientific research has produced social benefits, it has also
posed some troubling ethical questions  not everyone agrees with
it….
http://io9.com/#!3
45728/geneticistsdiscover-a-way-toextend-lifespansto-800-years

There are companies that market a
service in which you can pay $1000.00
to find out what your DNA code says
about you… “Discover your genetic risk
for 47 diseases and traits ranging from
Heart Attack and Diabetes to Alcohol
Flush Reaction and Testicular Cancer”
 What do you think it would feel like to know what your DNA said
about you? Would you want to know what your DNA says?
 If people know your DNA, do you think you would be discriminated
against – personally or professionally????
So what do we do???
1. "Genetic engineering is inherently dangerous,
because it greatly expands the scope for
horizontal gene transfer and recombination,
precisely the processes that create new viruses
and bacteria that cause disease epidemics, and
trigger cancer in cells." - Dr. Mae-Wan Ho
1. No matter how you feel about GMO’s, the
Earth’s population is estimated to hit 7 billion
people this year. How do we feed all of these
people if not through genetically engineered
crops & animals?
HOMEWORK
1. Stand up for someone if
you know they are being
bullied….
2. Why? Because it’s the
RIGHT thing to do
3. KARMA!
Be the change you wish to see in the world