Transcript Building _a_Mammal_Phylogeny

Building a Mammal
Phylogeny
Bat
Elephant
Echidna
Chimpanzee
Colugo
Porcupine
Dog
Cat
By: Jose Villanueva, Muriele Catam, and Lourdes
Montoya
What is a phylogeny?
“Evolutionary Tree”
Used for:
- Distance in time of relationship
- An animal’s closest relative
- How and when traits evolved
www.entomology.cornell.edu
Morphological Phylogeny
Peanuts
Caramel
Almonds
Pieces vs. Whole
Baby Ruth
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Hershey’s
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M&M’s
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Twix
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Kit Kat
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Snickers
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Goal
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Build a mammal phylogeny for the organisms:
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Human
Echidna
Little Brown Bat
Porcupine
Cat
Dog
Chimpanzee
Colugo
African elephant
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1) Construct a phylogeny using
morphological characters
2) Construct a tree using sequences
in DNA or proteins
3) Choose a final tree to represent
the evolution of these mammals
Hypothesis
Placental
Development
Claws(0)
or nails(+)
Large bony
eye socket
Carnassials
Spines
Gliding
Membrane
Human
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Echidna
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Brown Bat
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Porcupine
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Cat
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Dog
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Chimpanzee
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Colugo
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African Elephant
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Morphological tree
DNA vs. Protein
www.cs.columbia.edu
Geneious Program
We used the Genius program to:
1) Collect and sort out molecular sequences
2) Align molecular sequences for comparison
3) Construct a tree with the given information
4) Bootstrapping to check for confidence
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B Oxidase
Gene
Not helpful because it is polytomy
Hemoglobin subunit
Protein
4 Nuclear Genes
- This is the most credible of all the trees
Importance of Phylogeny's
-Not only useful to see the relationships
- Can find how distant organisms are
-Used to answer larger questions
Ex. How many times and where did a certain trait
evolve?
Works Cited (Pictures)
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/mbrown3064/1505453232/
http://www.lodz.com.pl/cats/cat_0065.jpg
http://www.flickr.com/photos/indulgences/2578766831/
http://www.freespiritart.com/images/elephant-power.jpg
http://www.flickr.com/photos/zeannie/1081990108/
http://www.oudtshoorninfo.com/images/fauna/porcupine.jpg