Transcript Transgenics--Kayla and Sarah

By: Sarah and Kayla
• The insertion of a foreign
gene (transgene) into an
animal is successful only
if the gene is inherited
by offspring.
• The success rate for
transgenesis is very low
and successful
transgenic animals need
to be cloned or mated.
•Transfer of a cloned combination of genes or a
single gene from another species to the
pronucleus of reproductive cell
•Cell then undergoes in vitro until reaches
certain phase then is inserted into reproductive
female
•Retrovirus used as vectors to transfer genetic
material into the host cell, resulting in chimera,
which is an organism consisting of tissues or
parts of diverse constitution.
•Chimeras are then inbred for several
generations until offspring appear homozygous
for the desired trait
•Desired gene inserted into totipotent cells
•Cells are then incorporated in host’s embryo
Enhances taste and quality
Increases nutrients, yields,
and stress tolerances
Improves resistance to
disease, pests, and herbicides
Allows for new products and
growing techniques 3
Increases resistance,
productivity, hardiness,
and feed efficiency
Allows for better yields of
meat, eggs, and milk
Improves animal health
and diagnostic methods 3
Milk producing
transgenic animals are usually used for
nutritional value. Through their milk insulin,
growth hormones, and blood anti-clotting
factors can be obtained
involves adding a
normal copy of a gene to the genome of a
person carrying the defective copies of
particular genes.2
Xenotransplantation- transplant
organs may soon come from transgenic
animals
• Toxicity-sensitive transgenic animals have been
produced for chemical safety testing
• Microorganisms have been engineered to produce a
wide variety of proteins, which in turn can produce
enzymes that can speed up industrial chemical
reactions2
• Creates "friendly" bio herbicides and bio insecticides
Improved conservation of soil, water, and energy
Better natural waste management
• Should scientists focus on in vitro transgenic methods rather
than, or before, using live animals to alleviate animal suffering?
• Will transgenic animals radically change the direction of
evolution, which may result in drastic consequences for nature
and humans alike?
• Is human welfare the only consideration? What about the welfare
of other life forms?2
•
In 2001, two scientists at Nexia Biotechnologies in Canada spliced
spider genes into the cells of lactating goats. The goats began to
manufacture silk along with their milk and secrete tiny silk strands
from their body by the bucketful. By extracting polymer strands
from the milk and weaving them into thread, the scientists can
create a light, tough, flexible material that could be used in such
applications as military uniforms, medical microsutures, and tennis
racket strings.2
•
In the 28 May 2009 issue of Nature, Japanese scientists report success in
creating transgenic marmosets 1
1)http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyP
ages/T/TransgenicAnimals.html
2)http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/margawat
i.html
3)http://www.lhup.edu/smarvel/Seminar/FALL_2003/
Malawskey/trans.html