Transgenic and Evolution - California Science Teacher
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Transcript Transgenic and Evolution - California Science Teacher
Transgenic and Evolution
By Emily Norovsambuu
What is transgenic?
If a gene or genes that have been
transferred from a different species
to unlike species.
GMO or GEO
• An organism’s genetic material has been
altered using genetic engeneering
techniques
–
–
–
–
–
biological and medical research
production of pharmaceutical drug
experimental medicine
gene therapy
agriculture golden rice.
Agricultural purposes
There are a few experience that to
transfer genetic material between
two unlike species for agricultural
purposes.
– increase milk production
– high growth rate
– used selective breeding to produce animals
that exhibit desired traits
What is transgenic use for?
Transgenic methods are useful
tools
– For in biology research
– the mechanisms of human and other diseases
– biological processes in eukaryotic or
prokaryotic cells,
– disease models
– some medical research
How transgenic works?
Based on Watson and Crick discovery, biologist
found out that the combination of different
genes into an animal can be work only if the
gene is inherited by offspring.
the discovery comes through in recombinant
DNA,
• genomic mapping
• genetic cloning
• analyze of gene expression
The basic principle in the production of
transgenic animal is that the unfamiliar genes
must be transmitted through
• the germ line, so that every cell, including germ cells, of
the animal contains the same modified DNA.
The technology has already
produced transgenic animals
Mice (glo)
rats
rabbits
pigs
sheep
cows
monkeys
3 method use produce transgenic
animals
1st DNA microinjection
– absorb transfer of a single gene or a combination of
genes that are recombined and then cloned from
another member of the same species or from a
different species into the pro-nucleus of a
reproductive cell.
2nd retrovirus-mediated gene transfer
– vectors to transfer genetic material into the host
cell, produces chimera, an organism consisting of
tissues or parts of diverse genetic constitution,
altered animals with mixed DNA.
3rdembryonic stem cell-mediated
– requires live transgenic offspring to test the
transgene and it can test transgenes for all cell
stage.
Integrate of Chromosome
Normally transgene insert into one
chromosome giving rise to
heterozygous
– 50 % of the gene can transfer to the offspring.
What is the negative side?
Farmers used growth hormones to
encourage the development of animals,
but they had a technique problem.
One of the big problems was residue
ruins of the hormones remained in the
animal product.
The achievement rate for transgenic is
very low, but the successful transgenic
animals need to be cloned or mated.