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Eight genes that make us
brainiacs
Genes and Human
郭承玉 5130719039
introduction
Eight genes
that make
us brainiacs
Brain Structure
nucleus accumbens, caudate, putamen, pallidum,
amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus
Brain Structure
Caudate
The caudate nucleus
constitutes a system that is
responsible largely for
voluntary movement.[1]
Parkinson's disease
Nucleus accumbens
The nucleus accumbens has
a significant role in the
cognitive processing of
aversion, motivation,
pleasure, reward and
reinforcement learning
Brain Structure
Putamen
The main function of the
putamen is to regulate
movements and influence
various types of learning.
Parkinson's disease
Thalamus
Some of its functions are
the relaying of sensory and
motor signals to the
cerebral cortex and the
regulation of
consciousness, sleep, and
alertness.
Brain Structure
Amygdala
To perform a primary
role in the processing
of memory, decisionmaking, and emotional
reactions
Hippocampus
It plays important roles in
the consolidation of
information from shortterm memory to long-term
memory and spatial
navigation.
Alzheimer's disease
oxygen starvation
(hypoxia), encephalitis, or
medial temporal lobe
epilepsy
Brain Structure
Nucleus accumbens
The nucleus accumbens has
a significant role in the
cognitive processing of
aversion, motivation,
pleasure, reward and
reinforcement learning
Pallidus
The globus pallidus is a
major component of the
basal ganglia core along
with the striatum and its
direct target, the substantia
nigra.
Common genetic variants influence
brain structure
univariate
Univariate
65%
univariate
The genome-wide significant variants identified here
showed specific effects on single brain structures
rather than pleiotropic effects across multiple
structures
Common genetic variants influence brain structure
Trait
Marker
Gene
Protein
function
Putamen rs945270 KTN1
kinectin
a receptor that allows vesicle
binding to kinesin and is involved
in organelle transport.
Putamen rs620979 DCC
86
netrin
a receptor involved in axon
guidance and migration, including
in the developing striatum.
Putamen rs608777 BCL2L
1 Add
1
an antiapoptotic
factor
inhibits programmed cell death of
immature neurons throughout the
brain
Putamen rs683250 DLG2
postsynaptic
density 93
(PSD-93)
protein
a membrane-associated guanylate
kinase involved in organizing
channels in the postsynaptic
density
Add
keywords
keywords
Common genetic variants influence brain structure
Trait
Marker
Gene
Protein
function
Hippocampus
rs779563
14
HRK
HRK
protein
Activator of apoptosis Hrk regulates
apoptosis through interaction with
death-repressor proteins Bcl-2 and
Bcl-X(L).
Hippocampus
rs620979 Add
MSR
keywords
86
B3
MSRB3
protein
The protein encoded by this gene
catalyzes the reduction of methionine
sulfoxide to methionine.
cadherin
specifically expressed in the nervous
system during embryonic development
that influences neuronal morphology
through cell–cell interactions
Caudate
Add
rs131886
keywords
FAT3
rs176898
82
CRH
R1
2
ICV
tags the chromosome 17q21 inversion
References
nature
1
2
3
4
Common genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures
Nature 520, 224–229 (09 April 2015) doi:10.1038/nature14101 Received 17
April 2014 Accepted 19 November 2014 Published online 21 January 2015
Science
Eight genes that make us brainiacs
By Elizabeth Pennisi 21 January 2015 1:00 pm
Science| DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6373
MIT Technology Review
Crowdsourcing Study of 30,000 Images Connects Genes to Brain Size
By Antonio Regalado on January 21, 2015
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
nucleus accumbens, caudate, putamen, pallidum,
amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus
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郭承玉 5130719039