Transcript Chapter13_Section04_edit

Biology
Biology
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13–4 Applications of Genetic
Engineering
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13–4 Applications of Genetic
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The Good With the Bad
The manipulation of DNA allows scientists to
do some interesting things. Scientists have
developed many transgenic organisms, which
are organisms that contain genes from other
organisms. Recently, scientists have removed
a gene for green fluorescent protein from a
jellyfish and tried to insert it into a monkey.
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ANDi is a Transgenic Monkey
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1.
Transgenic animals are often used in
research. What might be the benefit to medical
research of a mouse whose immune system is
genetically altered to mimic some aspect of the
human immune system?
2.
Transgenic plants and animals may have
increased value as food sources. What might
happen to native species if transgenic animals or
plants were released into the wild?
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1.
Transgenic animals are often used in research.
What might be the benefit to medical research of a mouse
whose immune system is genetically altered to mimic some
aspect of the human immune system?
Students may say that a mouse with a humanlike
immune system would be a good laboratory model for
immune research.
2.
Transgenic plants and animals may have increased
value as food sources. What might happen to native species
if transgenic animals or plants were released into the wild?
Transgenic organisms might disrupt normal
balances in ecosystems and could breed with natural
populations, changing them.
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Transgenic Organisms
Transgenic Organisms
An organism described as transgenic, contains
genes from other species.
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Transgenic Organisms
How are transgenic organisms useful to
human beings?
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Transgenic Organisms
Genetic engineering has spurred the
growth of biotechnology.
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Transgenic Organisms
Genetic engineering
has spurred the growth
of biotechnology
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Transgenic Organisms
Transgenic Animals
Transgenic animals have been used to study
genes and to improve the food supply.
Mice have been produced with human genes that
make their immune systems act similarly to those
of humans. This allows scientists to study the
effects of diseases on the human immune system.
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Transgenic Organisms
Researchers are trying to produce transgenic
chickens that will be resistant to the bacterial
infections that can cause food poisoning.
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Transgenic Organisms
Transgenic Plants
Transgenic plants are now an important part of our
food supply.
Many of these plants contain a gene that produces
a natural insecticide, so plants don’t have to be
sprayed with pesticides.
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Cloning
Dolly and Bonnie
Cloning
A clone is a member of
a population of
genetically identical
cells produced from a
single cell.
In 1997, Ian Wilmut
cloned a sheep called
Dolly.
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Cloning
Cloning Dolly
Donor Nucleus
Fused cell
Egg Cell
Embryo
Cloned
Lamb
Foster Mother
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Cloning
Cloning Dolly
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Cloning
Cloning Dolly
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Cloning
Cloning Dolly
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Cloning
Cloning Dolly
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Engineering
Cloning
Cloning Dolly
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Cloning
Cloning Dolly
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Cloning
Researchers hope cloning will enable them to make
copies of transgenic animals and help save
endangered species.
Studies suggest that cloned animals may suffer from
a number of genetic defects and health problems.
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Figure 13-13 Cloning of the First Mammal
Engineering
Section 13-4
A donor cell is taken from
a sheep’s udder.
Donor
Nucleus
These two cells are fused
using an electric shock.
Fused Cell
Egg Cell
The nucleus of the
egg cell is removed.
An egg cell is taken
from an adult
female sheep.
The fused cell
begins dividing
normally.
Embryo
Cloned Lamb
The embryo
develops normally
into a lamb—Dolly
Foster
Mother
The embryo is placed
in the uterus of a foster
mother.
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13–4 Applications of Genetic
Flowchart
Engineering
Section 13-4
Cloning
A body cell is taken from a donor animal.
An egg cell is taken from a donor animal.
The nucleus is removed from the egg.
The body cell and egg are fused by electric shock.
The fused cell begins dividing, becoming an embryo.
The embryo is implanted into the uterus of a foster mother.
The embryo develops into a cloned animal.
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Insulin-dependent diabetes can now be treated
with insulin produced through the use of
a. transgenic plants.
b. transgenic animals.
c. transgenic microorganisms.
d. transgenic fungi.
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Transgenic tobacco plants that glow in the dark
were produced by transferring the gene for
luciferase from a
a. clone.
b. bacterium.
c. firefly.
d. jellyfish.
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The first mammal to be cloned was a
a. sheep.
b. horse.
c. dog.
d. cat.
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In producing a cloned animal, an egg cell is
taken from a female and its nucleus is removed.
A body cell is taken from a male. The clone from
this experiment will
a. look just like the female.
b. be genetically identical to the male.
c. have a mixture of characteristics from both
animals.
d. resemble neither the male nor the female.
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Animals produced by cloning have been shown
to
a. all be perfectly healthy.
b. suffer from a number of health problems.
c. live longer than uncloned animals.
d. be less intelligent than uncloned animals.
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