Transcript What is a gene?

Objective: Understand What a Gene Is
Key Words: gene, polypeptide, Transcription, Translation
Do Now:
List 3 things you have learned about how DNA determines body’s features
in your project.
Objective: Understand What a Gene Is
Key Words: gene, polypeptide, Transcription, Translation
Tuesday, May 15th Test on Genetics
How DNA determines body’s features
Goals
1. Understand the overall structure and function of DNA
2. Learn the events of DNA replication
3. Understand how RNA differs from DNA
Learn the structure and function of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA
4. Understand the process of protein synthesis:
Learn the steps of transcription and translation
Understand how to use the genetic code to translate a DNA
sequence of nucleotides into an amino-acid chain.
5. Learn what genes are and how genes determine organisms'
characteristics.
Vocabulary
DNA, nucleotides, nitrogen bases, guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine,
uracil, RNA, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, transcription, translation, codon,
anticodon, amino-acids, polypeptide, and genes.
Objective: Understand What a Gene Is
Key Words: gene, polypeptide, Transcription, Translation
1. Transcribe the DNA sequence into mRNA
DNA:
TAC CCG GAT CGC ATT TAC CAT GCA ATC TAC CTA CCG ATC
mRNA AUG GGC CUA GCG UAA AUG GUA CGU UAG AUG GAU GGC UAG
2. Translate the mRNA into a polypeptide or protein
Met Gly Leu Ala Stop Met Val Arg Stop Met Asp Gly Stop
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/
Objective: Understand What a Gene Is
Key Words: gene, polypeptide, Transcription, Translation
3. How many proteins does the DNA sequence above codify for? _________________
4. Write the sequence of amino acids in each polypeptide or proteins.
Protein # 1:
Met Gly Leu Ala Stop
Protein # 2:
Met Val Arg Stop
Protein # 3:
Met Asp Gly Stop
Objective: Understand What a Gene Is
Key Words: gene, polypeptide, Transcription, Translation
DNA:
TAC CCG GAT CGC ATT TAC CAT GCA ATC TAC CTA CCG ATC
5. How many genes does the initial DNA segment contain? _____________
6. Write the sequence of nitrogen bases in
• Gene # 1
TAC CCG GAT CGC ATT
• Gene # 2
TAC CAT GCA ATC
• Gene # 3
TAC CTA CCG ATC
7. Explain how DNA, genes, and proteins are related to each other.
Genes are made of DNA, and genes contains the information to
make proteins and determine a trait
Objective: Understand What a Gene Is
Key Words: gene, polypeptide, Transcription, Translation
8. What are the functions of proteins?
•To send messages (hormones)
•To fight off disease (antibodies)
•To transport other molecules (hemoglobin)
•To run the chemical reactions in our bodies (enzymes)
•To build up hair, skin, muscles, organs, bones,…
Objective: Understand How Genes Work on Protein Synthesis
Key Words: transcription, translation, traits, features, characteristics, genes, polypeptide
Finish the “From DNA to Body’s Traits” project. (20 minutes)
• Check chart on handout #3 to know what traits are expressed by the proteins
• Draw and paint those found traits on the face displaced on your poster
• Make a flowing chart that explains how DNA sequences of nitrogen bases
determine traits in organism’s body.
Your flowing chart must include the following concepts and
terms:
DNA sequence
Proteins shape
Protein function
Sequence of amino-acids
Determines
Body’s traits
mRNA
Translation
Transcription
Objective: Understand What Is a Gene
Key Words: transcription, translation, traits, features, characteristics, genes, polypeptide
Do Now: List 4 things you learned about protein synthesis
Each pair of students, write down 1 or 2 notes on legal size paper