Transcript Oxygen (O 2 ) - Mona Shores Blogs

This stage of lake succession
is characterized by low
oxygen and high nutrient
levels.
Eutrophic
This occurs when a molecule
other than the substrate
stops the function of an
enzyme by attaching to the
active site
Competitive
Inhibition
This is the final electron
acceptor in the electron
transport chain during
respiration.
Oxygen (O2)
Mom is colorblind; Dad has
normal vision. What is the
chance their son is
colorblind?
100%
Sons will always have a sex-linked,
recessive trait if mom has it.
The “Guardian of the
Genome”
p53
These are structures that
come from a recent common
ancestor even though they
may not look the same from
the outside.
Homologous
structures
The “one and done”
reproductive strategy in
which members of a species
reproduce only once before
they die.
Semelparity
How can you tell a
monosaccharide by its
formula?
CH2O
Name the two molecules that
donate ions to the electron
transport chain in the
mitochondria
NADH
FADH2
Between genes A & B there are
20 map units; between A & C - 5;
B & D – 15, C & D – 30, C & B 15. If these genes are linked,
what is the order of these genes
along their chromosome?
A – C – B – D or
D–B–C–A
The organelle that is responsible
for translation of the final
transcript in eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome
This type of evolution has
occurred when organisms look
alike due to selection pressures
of living in the same environment
even though they do NOT come
from a recent common ancestor.
Convergent Evolution
What is the mark-recapture
formula?
1st catch x 2nd catch
marked recaptures
List the monomers for each
of the organic compound
families
Carbs – monosaccharides
Fats – fatty acids & glycerol
Proteins – amino acids
Nucleic acids - nucleotides
Name the unstable fibers of
the cytoskeleton that
assemble and disassemble by
treadmilling
Actin microfilaments
Name 3 differences between
mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis – 1 division, diploid daughter
cells, creates normal body cells
Meiosis - 2 divisions, haploid daughter
cells, makes gametes
These are the proteins DNA coils
around.
Histones
This era has been associated
with the Age of Reptiles
Mesozoic Era
These populations more
rapidly fluctuate with
changing environmental
conditions
R-selected or
opportunistic populations
Name the 2 functional groups
found in all proteins
Amino and carboxyl
What are the 3 stages of cell
signaling?
Reception
Transduction
Response
This is the point of
attachment between a
spindle fiber and
chromosomal centromere
Kinetochore
Name 2 reasons why Adenine
and Thymine pair together in
a DNA strand.
1. They each have 2 bonding sites
2. One is a purine (A)and one is a
pyrimidine (T)
What is another name for
divergent evolution?
Adaptive radiation
This nutrient provides energy
for both terrestrial and
aquatic plant growth
Phosphorus
What type of bond occurs
between hydrogen and
oxygen in an H2O molecule
Polar Covalent Bond
Name 3 things that can pass
through the phospholipid
bilayer without using any
energy
O2
CO2
H2O
Urea
For parents who are both carriers
of Tay Sachs, an autosomal
recessive disorder, what is the
probability that all 3 of their kids
will be born with the disorder?
1/64
(¼ x ¼ x ¼)
Prokaryotic genes are often
controlled by these.
Operons
Speciation due to separation
by a geological barrier
Allopatric speciation
When an organism makes a
personal sacrifice for the
benefit of population, they
exhibit this type of behavior
Altruism
This is the bond formed
between a fatty acid and
glycerol
Ester linkage
Where do light dependent
reactions take place?
Grana or thylakoids
List 5 reasons for cell division
Grow
Reproduce
Repair
Maintain low volume
Specialize
These are the parts of eukaryotic
RNA that are eventually
expressed as proteins.
Exons
If the frequency of the
dominant allele is .3, what
percentage of individuals will
be heterozygous?
42%
The amount of light energy
converted to chemical energy
by plants
Primary Productivity
When going from a monomer
to a polymer, this process is
used
Dehydration
Synthesis
Name the 3 parts of the cell
theory
1. All living things are made of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure
& function in living things
3. All cells come from other cells
When chromosomes or
chromatids fail to separate
during meiosis, this is the
result
Nondisjunction
Name the 2 experiments that
show DNA is THE genetic
material.
Griffith/Avery
Hershey/Chase
The changing allele
frequency of the peppered
moth wing color is the
classical example of this type
of evolution
Microevolution
Name 3 substances that
undergo biological
magnification
Lead
Mercury
PCB’s
DDT
Pair up the following 4
terms: exergonic,
endergonic, anabolic,
catabolic
Endergonic – Anabolic
Exergonic - Catabolic
List the steps in the ladder of
life from simple to complex
Cells
Tissue
Organs
Systems
Organisms
The organization of the
spindle fibers used in mitosis
occurs here ONLY in animal
cells
Centrioles
Electrophoresis is a very common
biotechnology lab technique.
What does it do?
Separates fragments of
protein or DNA by size
This is another separation
technique used to isolate proteins
like GFP using differences in
concentrations rather than
molecular size.
Chromatography
The idea that surviving
members of a population
depleted due to a natural
disaster may not be an
accurate representation of
the original gene pool
Bottleneck Effect
This is the defining abiotic
factor of the tundra
Permafrost
Traits that are determined by
more than one pair of alleles
are classified as these types
of traits
Polygenic
O
- C - OH
Carboxyl
When the cell membrane
handed out glucose in the
cell game, we should have
had the glucose coming in
through a protein channel.
What type of transport does
glucose really use?
Facilitated Diffusion
The ends of chromosomes
serving as a buffer zone as
they shorten with each
replication event
Telomeres
We used to think one gene made
one protein. How is it possible to
make more than one protein
from a single gene?
Alternative splicing
Sickle cell anemia is the
classical example of which
evolutionary trend?
Heterozygote
advantage
This is the assumption that
other organisms have human
emotions and motivations
Anthropomorphism
This property of water is a
measure of how difficult it is
to change it’s temperature
Specific heat
How many ATP are produced
by substrate level
phosphorylation?
4
(2 in glycolysis + 2 in Kreb’s)
What are the chunks of
lagging strand DNA made
during replication of
eukaryotes called?
Okazaki fragments
This molecule is the “tag” a
protein gets that identifies it for
destruction
Ubiquitin
Name the 5 assumptions of
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
1. Large Population
2. No Mutation
3. No Migration
4. No natural selection
5. Random mating
This is the process by which
fossil fuels are produced
Carbonification
An atom that has different
atomic mass than the most
stable form of the element is
considered to be one of these
Isotope
This organelle is found in
abundance in liver cells
because of its detoxification
function.
Smooth ER
Name the 3 stages in the
complete oxidation of
glucose
Glycolysis
Kreb’s Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Name Mendel’s 2 laws
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent
Assortment
Adding this functional group can
cause DNA to supercoil and
proteins to misfold
Methyl
List the 5 categories of
evidence for evolution
Fossils
Comparative Anatomy
Comparative Embryology
DNA/proteins
Biogeography
This biome contains brackish
water
Estuary
The idea that energy can be
neither created nor
destroyed
1st Law of
Thermodynamics
What are the 2 products of
Photosystem II?
Oxygen (O2)
+
H or ATP
Transport that requires a
vesicle to fuse with the
membrane to spit its
contents out
Exocytosis
In the inheritance of blood
type, which two extensions
of Mendelian inheritance are
at work?
Multiple alleles
Codominance
What is the central dogma of
molecular biology?
DNA  RNA  Protein
This type of selection favors
outliers rather than the norm
Diversifying selection
How much energy is lost or
consumed between each
trophic level?
90%
What are the two types of
secondary protein structure?
 Helix
 Pleated sheet
Does a hypertonic cell have a
high or low water potential?
Low
Name the cell junction that
allows exchange of materials
between plant cells
Plasmodesmata
3 bases of tRNA is called
Anticodon
What type of inheritance
pattern would give a 1:2:1
PHENOTYPE ratio from 2
heterozygote parents in a
monohybrid cross?
Incomplete
dominance
This is the longest of Earth’s
eras in which both eukaryotic
and prokaryotic life emerged
Pre-Cambrian Era