Transcript Exam Review – Part 1

Exam Review – Part 1
Cell Biology and Genetics
End-of-Semester Information
1. The last day of classes is Monday, June 20.
2. Exam Date: Friday June 24th, 2011
Time: 8:45am
Room: 511 and 512
Special Instructions: No Dictionaries, No
Calculators, No Notes of any kind
 Bring with you: Pens, Pencils, Erasers
(a) If you cannot attend the exam due to illness
please phone the school (239-2707) by 9:30 am for a
morning exam or 12:00 noon for an afternoon exam. As
soon as you return to school you should present a medical
certificate to the vice-principal. You will be told when to
write a make-up examination.
(b) Bring your calculator to the exam. You cannot use a
graphing calculator.
(c) A student caught cheating will have his or her
examination paper taken away immediately. The paper will
be assigned a mark of zero.
(d) The exam is worth 20% of your final mark in the
course.
3. Textbooks
• Please return your textbook to 411A (my
office) in the half-hour before the
examination. Make sure to bring your
“Textbook Deposit Form” to be signed. The
examination will not be marked until the
student has returned the textbook for the
course.
4. Graduation Day is Wednesday, June 29. The
ceremony is in our auditorium.
5. Report Cards will be available from Wednesday,
July 6 for pick-up in the main office.
Office hours are 9:00 am to 12:00 noon.
Remember that you will not be given your marks
or report cards until your texts, as well as all
library books, have been returned. You must pay
your library charges as well.
6. If you fail a course you may register for the
Summer School make-up program until June 29
in the Guidance Office.
7. Classes for Semester One begin on Friday,
September 9.
How to write
• For multiple choice:
– Read the question looking for key words
– Read all the options
– If you do not know the answer right away, use the process
of elimination if you can
• For short and long answers
– How many marks is it worth (you should have this many
points)
– Do you need to:
• Explain: Describe a process or situation
• Define: Definition
• Compare: State similarities or differences
Make sure you...
1) Eat well
2) Sleep well
3) Get some exercise and fresh air
4) Not too much caffeine or nicotine!!!
You should know...
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Diagram of cell
What key terms mean
Function of cell organelles
Differences between plant and animal cell
The 4 macromolecules –function and example of each
Cell cycle - Mitosis and Meiosis
Non disjunction disorders
Inheritance (simple, multiple alleles, sex-linked and
dihybrid)
• Punnett Squares
• Codominance and Incomplete dominance
• BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THE CELL PARTS AND
STATE THEIR FUNCTION USING EITHER
THE CHART PROVIDED OR INDEX CARDS
OR A PERSONAL GLOSSARY OF TERMS.
• LABEL ALL CELL PARTS THAT APPEAR ON
THE DIAGRAM PROVIDED.
Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis
Terminology
• Homologous chromosomes
• Duplicated chromosomes
• Sister chromatids
• Gamete –
• Diploid Cell –
• Diploid Number –
• Haploid Cell –
• Haploid Number –
Meiosis Overview
Homologous pairs
separate
Sister chromatids
separate, becoming
daughter
chromosomes
Homologous
chromosomes pair
Homologous pairs
align independently
at the equator
Homologous
chromosomes
separate and move
towards poles
Spindle disappears,
nuclei form, and
cytokinesis takes
place
Interkinesis:
Chromosomes still
consist of 2
chromatids
Cells have one
chromosome
from each
homologous
pair
Chromosomes
align at equator
Daughter
chromosomes
move toward
the poles
Spindle
disappears,
nuclei form,
& cytokinesis
takes place
Meiosis
results in 4
haploid
daughter
cells
Mitosis
Meiosis
Purpose
To ensure growth & to repair cells To ensure the procreation of
of the organism
the species
Type of Cell
produced
Somatic (body) cells
Number of Nuclear
Divsions
1 nuclear division
4 phases
2 nuclear divisions
Number of Cells
Produced
2 new identical daughter
cells (identical to each other &
4 new non-identical
daughter cells
Gametes (sex) cells
-Female: egg/ovum
-Male: sperm
Meiosis I – 4 phases
Meiosis II – 4 phases
parent)
Number of
chromosomes in
each new cell
46 chromosomes
23 chromosomes
Name given to this
type of cell
Diploid cell
-complete set of
chromosomes
Haploid cell
-a half set of
chromosomes
Symbol given to this
type of cell
2n
n
Terminology…
• What is a gene?
A short section on the DNA responsible for a particular
characteristic or trait.
• What is an allele?
An alternate form of a gene.
• What is a dominant gene or allele?
The gene (characteristic) or allele that is always
expressed if at least one is present in the homologous
pair of chromosomes.
• What is a recessive gene or allele?
The gene (characteristic) or allele that is
only expressed when two identical alleles
are present in the homologous pair of
chromosomes.
• What does heterozygous mean?
• Paired genes or alleles for a trait are
different.
• What does homozygous mean?
• Paired genes or alleles for a trait are the
same.
Genotype/Phenotype
• What is the difference between genotype
and phenotype?
• Genotype: Bb, BB, bb
• Phenotype: Brown hair, Brown hair, blond
hair
Punnet Square
• We represent the likelihood of inheriting a
particular trait using percent (%).
• Using a punnett square, give the
percentages of all possible genotypes and
phenotypes of a woman who is left handed
(recessive) and a man who is
heterozygous for right handedness.
Multiple alleles
• Which trait did we talk about that was controlled
by one gene, but had 3 (instead of the usually
two) possible alleles coding for different
variations.
• Blood type (Also an example of CODOMINANCE)
• A, B, AB and O
• We use IA and i
•
A man with blood type A has a mother
with blood type O. He marries a woman
who is heterozygous for blood type A.
Complete a Punnett square for possible
blood types of their children. Give
percentages of all possible genotypes
and phenotypes. This is an example of
what kind of inheritance?
Sex-Linked Inheritance
• What is unique about sex-linked
inheritance?
• The traits are carries on the sex
chromosomes instead of the autosomes.
• We use Xh X and XY
•
Hemophilia, a condition in humans, is
controlled by a recessive sex-linked
gene. If a man has hemophilia and a
woman is a carrier for the condition, what
is the probability of phenotypes and
genotypes for their offspring. Complete
a Punnett square to answer this
question. This is an example of what
kind of inheritance?
Codominance/Incomplete
Dominance
• Which one is which?
Your Work….
• Complete the Genetics Practice
• There will be at least one Punnett Square
question on the example
• There will be a few genetics questions
relating to genetics terms