Transcript Genetics_Review_Jeopardy_

Genetics Review JEOPARDY!
The Work
of Gregor
Mendel
Probability
& Punnett
Squares
Meiosis
and
Mitosis
Human
Chromo somes
DNA,
RNA, and
proteins
Genetics
Key Terms
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The Work
of Gregor
Mendel
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This principle states that some alleles (forms of a gene)
are dominant, while others are recessive. Mendel made
these conclusions based on his studies with pea plants.
What is the principle of dominance?
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The Work
of Gregor
Mendel
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When Gregor Mendel crossed tall (TT)
plants with short (tt) plants, the short
phenotype (trait) did not reappear until this
generation.
What is the F2 generation?
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The Work
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Mendel
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During gamete (sperm and egg) formation,
alleles do this; as a result, gametes only
carry a single copy of each gene.
What is segregate?
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The Work
of Gregor
Mendel
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Beyond Gregor Mendel:
Four o’clock flowers show incomplete dominance.
For example, a cross between a red (RR) flower
and a white (WW) flower, all offspring are pink
(RW). If two pink flowers are crossed, this
percentage of offspring would be expected to be
pink.
Question: What is 50%
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The Work
of Gregor
Mendel
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A cross of a black chicken (BB) with a white
chicken (WW) produces all speckled
offspring (BW) containing BOTH black and
white feathers. This is an example of this
type of inheritance pattern.
Question: What is codominance?
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Probability
& Punnett
Squares
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In pea plants, round seeds (R) are dominant
to wrinkled seeds (r). Two heterozygous
plants are crossed. What percentage of
offspring will be round?
What is 75%
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Probability
& Punnett
Squares
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If a couple has three sons, this is the
probability that their next child will be a
daughter.
What is 50% (1/2)?
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& Punnett
Squares
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A homozygous tall plant is crossed with a
short plant. What percentage of offspring
will be tall?
What is 100%?
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& Punnett
Squares
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A round-seeded plant is crossed with a
wrinkled-seeded plant. Approximately 500
out of the 1000 offspring produced have
wrinkled seeds. This is the most likely
genotype of the round-seeded plant.
What is Rr (heterozygous)?
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In fruit flies, R eyes (R), are dominant over white
eyes (r). In a cross between two red-eyed fruit
flies, approximately 25% of offspring had white
eyes. These were the most likely genotypes of
the parents.
What are Rr and Rr?
Bonus $100: What is the special name for this kind
of cross?
Monohybrid Cross
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Meiosis
and
Mitosis
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If an organism has a haploid number of 12,
this is its diploid number.
What is 24?
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Meiosis
and
Mitosis
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This process results in the production of 4
genetically different daughter cells.
What is meiosis?
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Meiosis
and
Mitosis
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In Drosophila (fruit flies), male gametes
(sperm cells) contain 4 chromosomes.
This means that a body cell in a fruit fly
must contain this number of
chromosomes.
What are 8 chromosomes?
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Meiosis
and
Mitosis
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Gametes (sperm and eggs) are produced by
this process.
What is meiosis?
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Meiosis
and
Mitosis
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During Prophase I of meiosis, these pairs of
chromosomes form tetrads (groups of
four).
What are homologous chromosomes?
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Human
Chromo somes
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These types of chromosomes are not
different in males and females; there are
44 of them in human cells.
What are autosomes?
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Chromo somes
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Each human egg cell contains this number
of X chromosomes.
What is 1?
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Chromo somes
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A picture of chromosomes arranged in
homologous pairs for biologists to analyze
is called this.
What is a karyotype?
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Human
Chromo somes
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A female with Down Syndrome has this
number of autosomes in each of her cells.
What is 45?
For a bonus $100, where is there an extra
chromosome?
21 has 3 instead of 2 chromosomes.
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Human
Chromo somes
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DAILY
DOUBLE!
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Human
Chromo somes
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People with Klinefelter’s syndrome have an
extra X chromosome.
A person with Klinefelter’s syndrome who
has the sex chromosomes XXY will
develop as this sex.
What is male?
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DNA,
RNA, and
proteins
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James Watson and Francis Crick discovered
that DNA has this structure, resembling a
twisted ladder.
What is a double helix?
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DNA,
RNA, and
proteins
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This nucleic acid, which is usually singlestranded, contains the sugar ribose,
phosphates, and four nitrogenous bases
(adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil).
What is RNA?
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RNA, and
proteins
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During this process the DNA strands
separate and one DNA strand is used to
make mRNA, and during this process
mRNA is used to produce proteins.
What are transcription and translation?
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RNA, and
proteins
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Proteins are composed of these smaller
subunits.
What are amino acids?
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If a gene has the DNA sequence TACGGATAT, this
will be the amino acid sequence of the protein
produced. (Hint: use the genetic code on p.303).
What is protein with the sequence
methionine – proline – isoleucine ?
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Genetics
Key Terms
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This is the process during which sperm and
eggs join to form a zygote (new cell).
What is fertilization?
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Genetics
Key Terms
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Your doctor tells you that ALL of your
children will inherit your allele for brown
eye color. This means that you must be
________ for the trait.
What is homozygous?
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This principle states that in a DNA molecule,
adenine always bonds with thymine, and
guaninie always bonds with cytosine.
What is the principle of base pairing?
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This picture shows this, which shows the
amino acid to which each mRNA codon
corresponds.
What is the genetic
code?
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Key Terms
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The physical characteristics of an organism,
not to be confused with an organism’s
genetic makeup
What is phenotype?
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