Transcript Биотехнологии Генная инженерия

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND
GENETIC ENGINEERING
Biotechnology - the
integration of science and
engineering that allows you
to more fully realize the
potential of living organisms
for food, medicines, to solve
problems in energy and
environmental protection.
ONE TYPE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IS GENETIC ENGINEERING. GENETIC
ENGINEERING IS BASED ON THE RECEIPT OF HYBRID DNA
MOLECULES AND INTRODUCING THESE MOLECULES INTO THE CELLS
OF OTHER ORGANISMS, AS WELL AS MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL,
IMMUNOCHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL METHODS.
Genetic engineering has started
to develop since 1973, when
American scientists Stanley Cohen
and Chang Enli embedded bacterial
plasmid DNA in the frog. Then this
plasmid was transformed back to
the bacterial cell, which was
synthesized proteins frog, frog
and transfer of DNA to their
offspring. Thus was found a
method to incorporate foreign
genes into the genome of a
particular organism.
Genetic engineering has a wide practical application in the
sectors of the economy, such as microbiological industry,
pharmaceutical industry, food industry and agriculture.
You've heard of genetically
modified foods.
One of the most important
industries in the genetic
engineering is the production
of drugs. Modern technology
allows the production of
various drugs to cure
serious diseases, or at least
slow down their
development.
The basis of genetic engineering is the technology of
recombinant DNA molecules.
The basic unit of parentage of any organism is the gene. The
information in the genes encoding proteins in the stands during the
two successive processes: transcription (RNA synthesis) and
translation (protein synthesis), which in turn provide the correct
translation of encoded genetic information in DNA from the language
of nucleotides into the language of amino acids.
With the development of genetic
engineering were increasingly
carried out various experiments on
animals, from which scientists
sought a kind of mutation of
organisms. For example, the
company «Lifestyle Pets» created
through genetic engineering
hypoallergenic cat called Ashera GD.
In the animal has been introduced a
gene that allowed "to bypass the
party of the disease."
With the help of genetic
engineering, researchers at the
University of Pennsylvania
presented a new method of
producing vaccines: genetically
engineered with the help of fungi. As
a result, the process was speeded
up production of vaccines, which
may, according to pensilvantsev,
useful in case of bioterrorist attack
or outbreak of bird flu.
As mentioned above, the
development of genetic
engineering, could not affect the
production of drugs, contributing
to the patient's speedy recovery.
Thus, all obtained by the same
genetic engineering, bacteria of
the family Clostridium, introduced
into the body grow and multiply
only in oxygen-poor parts of the
tumors that are treatable and
most difficult to this day.
And you can cite a great many statements that are based on the
results of more than 35 years of research and discoveries in the field
of genetic engineering, proving its crucial role in humanity.