Transcript Document
The Constellation Orion Ryukyu Astronomy Club 28 March 2009 Discussion Topics • • • • • • • Locating Orion Mythology of Orion Brightest Stars in Orion Orion Nebula Trapezoid Star Cluster Horsehead Nebula Double stars in Orion Locating Orion Orion is the key to locating the constellations of the Winter Sky Locating Orion Mythology of Orion • In Greek mythology, Orion was a great hunter who eventually offended the gods, especially Apollo. Apollo tricked Artemis, the Goddess of the hunt, into shooting Orion on a bet. When she discovered that she had shot Orion, she quickly lifted him to the heavens and made him immortal, where he now hunts eternally with his two dogs, Canis Major and Canis Minor. In front of him is his prey Taurus the Bull. Brightest Stars of Orion And Deep Sky Objects Meisaa Betelgeuse Bellatrix Mintaka Alnilam Alnitak Horsehead Nebula Trapezium M42 Orion Nebula Saiph Rigel Brightest Stars of Orion • Betelgeuse: "Alpha Orionis" is a massive red supergiant star nearing the end of its life. It is the second brightest star in the Orion constellation and the twelfth brightest star in the night sky. • Rigel: "Beta Orionis" is a blue supergiant that is the seventh brightest star in the night sky. • Bellatrix: "Gamma Orionis“ is the twenty-second brightest star in the night sky. Bellatrix is considered a blue giant, though it is too small to explode in a supernova. Its luminosity is derived from its high temperature rather than its radius. Bellatrix serves as Orion's "left shoulder. • Mintaka: "Delta Orionis“ is the faintest of the three stars in Orion’s belt. It is a multiple star system composed of a large blue giant and a more massive white star. Mintaka is the westernmost of the three stars that constitute Orion's Belt. • Alnilam: "Epsilon Orionis," is a blue supergiant, despite being nearly twice as far from the Sun as Mintake and Alnitak, the other two belt stars. • Alnitak: "Zeta Orionis" is the easternmost star in Orion's Belt. It is a triple star 800 light years distant, with the primary star being a hot blue supergiant. • Saiph: "Kappa Orionis“ serves as Orion's right foot. It is of a similar distance and size to Rigel, but appears much fainter, as its hot surface temperature (46,000°F or 26,000°C) causes it to emit most of its light in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum. M42 The Orion Nebula - Interstellar cloud of hydrogen, dust, and plasma. - ~1300 light years away - ~24 light years across - Visible to naked eye Trapezium Star Cluster - Over 1000 young stars - Estimated 1M years old - Most stars clouded from view by dust - Only 4-5 stars visible with small scope The Horsehead Nebula Double Stars in Orion Star Magnitudes Separation Notes Rigel (beta) 0.1, 6.8 9.5” Difficult because of glare from primary. Alnitak (zeta) 1.9, 4.0 2.3” Test for 75mm telescope Mintaka (delta) 2.2, 6.3 53” Wide separation Eta 3.8, 4.8 1.5” Test for 100mm telescope Sigma 3.7, 10, 7.5, 6, 8 11”, 13”, 42”, 30” Quintuple star: all components visible to small telescope Theta_1 6.8, 7.0, 5.4, 6.3 The Trapezium (see earlier slide) Iota 2.7, 6.9, 11 11”, 50” 747 4.7, 5.5 36” Lambda 3.6, 5.5 4.4” Rho 4.5, 8.3 7” - Wide separation; same field as Iota Orion Stars to mag 7.0 Double stars indicated by Finally, The Okinawan Mythology for Orion