Transcript Genetics Basics Notes (10.2)

Genetics Basics (10.2)
State Standard
2C. Using Mendel’s laws, explain the role of
meiosis in reproductive variability.
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Chapter 10
Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
10.2 Mendelian Genetics
How Genetics Began
 The passing of traits to the next generation
is called __________, or __________.
 Mendel performed cross-pollination in _____
plants which are _____ __________and
____________________
 Mendel followed various __________ in the
pea plants he bred.
Chapter 10
Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
10.2 Mendelian Genetics
 The __________ __________is also
known as the P generation.
Chapter 10
Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
10.2 Mendelian Genetics
 The offspring of this
P cross are called
the first filial (____)
generation.
 The second filial
(____) generation is
the offspring from
the F1 cross.
Chapter 10
Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
10.2 Mendelian Genetics
 Mendel studied seven different __________.
 Seed or pea color
 Flower color
 Seed pod color
 Seed shape or texture
 Seed pod shape
 Stem length
 Flower position
Chapter 10
Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
10.2 Mendelian Genetics
Genes in Pairs
 __________
 An alternative form of a single __________
passed from generation to generation
 Dominant
- _____________________________
 Recessive
- ____________________________
Chapter 10
Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
10.2 Mendelian Genetics
Dominance
 Dominance – represented by a ________ letter
 Recessive – represented by a ________letter
 An organism with two of the ________ alleles
for a particular trait is __________.
 An organism with two __________ alleles for
a particular trait is __________.
Chapter 10
Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
10.2 Mendelian Genetics
Genotype and Phenotype
 An organism’s __________ pairs are called
its __________.
 The observable __________ or outward
__________ of an allele pair is called the
__________.
 An organism may have the same phenotype
but either be __________ or __________.
Chapter 10
Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
10.2 Mendelian Genetics
Mendel’s Law of __________
 Two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis.
 During fertilization, two alleles for that trait unite.
 Heterozygous organisms are called __________.
Chapter 10
Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
10.2 Mendelian Genetics
__________ Cross
 A cross that involves
hybrids for a
__________ trait is
called a monohybrid
cross.
Chapter 10
Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
10.2 Mendelian Genetics
__________ Cross
 The simultaneous inheritance of two or more
traits in the same organism is a dihybrid
cross.
 Dihybrids are __________ for both traits.
Chapter 10
Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
10.2 Mendelian Genetics
Law of __________ __________
 Random distribution of alleles occurs during
gamete formation
 Genes on separate chromosomes sort
independently during meiosis.
 Each allele combination is equally likely to
occur.
Chapter 10
Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
10.2 Mendelian Genetics
__________ Squares
 __________ the
possible offspring of a
cross between two
known genotypes
Punnett
Squares
Chapter 10
Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
10.2 Mendelian Genetics
Punnett Square—
Dihybrid Cross
 Four types of alleles from
the male gametes and
four types of alleles from
the female gametes can
be produced.
 The resulting phenotypic
ratio is __________.
Chapter 10
Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
__________ __________
 The new combination of genes produced by
crossing over and independent assortment
 Combinations of genes due to independent
assortment can be calculated using the
n
formula 2 , where n is the number of
chromosome pairs.